Impressionism
-1860-1880
-The impressionists rebelled against the Salon (A conventional juried exhibition) because they thought the Salon was repressive
-Began in France
-Most successful art movement
-The idea of recording immediate impression, documenting own experien
Mary Cassatt
-Born in 1845
-Grew up in Philadelphia
-An American painter responsible for bringing Impressionism to America
-At the age of 21 she traveled to Paris to study Art (At that time Paris was the center of the world)
-Greatly influenced by the work of Degas
-A
Degas
An artist known for his paintings of ballerinas, racetracks, cafes and music halls
Suerat
Neo-impressionist responsible for creating pointillism
-less realistic, more abstract
Monet
Created a series of work depicting haystacks and gardens
Morisot
French painter who was made famous for her portraits of women, children and basic family life
-One of the first to join the impressionist movement
-Rarely painted public scenes
Renoir
Painted radiant portraits of large groups of people
Pissaro
Father of the Impressionism movement
-Did not want his worked defined
-Embraced Seurats use of pointillism- putting multiple dots together to create artwork
Surrealism
-Emerged in the 1920s as a result of Europe recovering from WWI
-Characteristics: Natural laws reversed/change in scale/symbolic objects/dramatic lighting/juxtaposition/levitation/dislocation/dreams and fantasies/nightmarish vision
-20th century literary
Salvador Dali
-Born in Figueres, Spain
-Spanish artist/one of the leaders of the Surrealist movement
-Dali's work reflects fears, obsessions, dreams, memories, and hallucinations with meticulous realism
-Dali often used repeated symbols in his work particularly dresser
Andre Breton
A writer, Dadaist, considered to be the leader of the SUrrealist group
Dadaism
Was invented as a way to cultivate the absurd
M.C Escher
-A dutch artist whose father was an architect who wanted Escher to become an architect too
-He became a graphic artist
-Used tessellations to visualize the concept of two different worlds existing together at the same time
-Themes: impossible structures,
Max Ernst
-Invented frottage
-Worked from memories and feverish visions from his childhood
-Used ambiguous titles in his work
Marc Chagall
-Used imagery from Russian folklore and Jewish life in his work
-Painted actual memories not irrational dreams
Joan Miro
Created biomorphic designs/ shapes for natural objects like the sun, moon and animals
Rene Magritte
-Belgian Artist
-Used techniques like juxtaposition, levitation, dislocation, in his work
-Used images of shrouded faces as a result of his mother's death
Marcel Duchamp
-Prime mover of Dada movement
-Created ready-mades that lead to the question-what is art?
-Dadaist first, then surrealist
-"Fountain"- upside down urinal
Frottage
Rubbing technique of placing paper over objects or materials and raised surfaces and rubbing the paper with usually black lead- used to achieve effects of texture (Max Ernst)
Juxtaposition
To place side by side, unexpected combination of colors, shapes and ideas
Abstract Expressionism
-Free shapes and designs, did not represent their themes or subjects in traditional ways
-Used free applicatino fo paint with no reference to visual reality
-Stressing elements and principles of design as subject matter with emotion
-This form of art was
Elements of Art
Line
Color
Value
Shape
Form
Space
Texture
Principles of design
Balance
Symmetrical Balance
Asymmetrical Balance
Emphasis
Contrast
Rhythm--> Movement
Pattern and repitition
Unity
Variety
Proportion
Jackson Pollock
-Married to Lee Krasner
-Born in Wyoming and known as a "far westerner"
-Also known as "Jack the Dripper"
-Influenced by Navaho sand paintings
-Interested primarily with elements of art and principles of design
-Painted from subconscious mind
-Shocked peo
Kandinsky
-1866-1944
-Russian
-Worked on paintings that derived their inspiration and titles from music
-Him and Franz Marc formed the "Blaue Reiter" (Blue Rider) group
-Wrote Concerning the Spiritual in Art- helped spread his ideas through Europe
-Paved the way fo
Willem DeKooning
-1904-1997
-Dutch/American
-Known as Old Master of "Abstract Expressionsim"
-Developed mature style of slashing brush strokes
-Known for his series of "Woman" paintings before Abstract Expressionism became popular
Color field painters
Firsts style where artists tried to avoid any suggestion of form or mass standing out against a background. Instead the figure and ground were seen as one and the space of the picture was considered as a field which seemed to spread out beyond the edges o
Hans Hofmann
-1880-1966
-German/American
-Early advocate of the freely splashed pigment
-known for push/pull method
-first artist to experiment with pouring paint
-known for using rectangles of high-key contrasting colors that seem to collide
Helen Frankenthaler
-1928-2011
-American
- Student of Hans Hofmann
-Combined methods of Pollock and John Marin to make "stain paintings"
-Used diluted oil in sailcloth to create paintings- guided paint with sponge and wipers
Mark Rothko
-1903-1970
-russian/american
-Known for "multiforms"-striking symmetrical rectangular blocks of two or three opposing or contrasting complementary colors
Jasper Johns
-Born in 1930
-American
-Known for his opposites, contradictions, paradoxes, ironies much like Marcel Duchamp
-Neutralized the subject so that pure paint/ painted surface could declare itself