FAUVISM
WHAT: first modern mvt. of the 20th cent. in style and attitude. Mvt. composed of a number of individual styles. Bold color was a unifying element among the fauves
SUBJ MATTER: images of contemporary life (influence of impressionism)
STYLE: violently cont
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Matisse, The Joy of Life, 1905-1906, FAUVISM
DIE BRUCKE
Die brucke artists believed their work WHAT: to be a kind of bridge between revolutionary elements and the art of the future.
first group of german expressionist painters
SUBJ MATTER: city streets, landscapes, sexuality
STYLE: flat, linear, rhythmical exp
Kirchner's perspective distortions, disquieting figures, and color choices reflect the influence of the Fauves and of Edvard Munch, who made similar expressive use of formal elements.
It provides a glimpse into the frenzied urban activity of a bustling Ge
KIRCHNER, STREET, DRESDEN, 1908, (DIE BRUCKE/ THE BRIDGE)
BLAUE REITER
german- "the blue rider"
an early 20th c. germ. expressionist art mvt. founded by Kandinsky and Franz Marc.
WHAT: 3 main approaches: spiritual, expressionistic abstract. they wanted their work to embody spiritual concerns, which they thought had ben negle
-Kandinsky was one of the first artists to explore complete abstraction.
-It's one of the numerous paintings Kandinsky produced that convey feelings with color juxtapositions, intersecting linear elements and implied spatial relationships.
-Kandinsky saw
KANDINSKY, IMPROVISATION 28, 1912 (BLAUE REITER/BLUE RIDER)
PRE-CUBISM
Picasso's LES DEMOISELLES D'AVIGNON
-African and ancient Iberian sculpture and Cezanne's late paintings influenced this pivotal work, with which Picasso opened the door to a radically new method of representing forms in space.
-Instead of depicting the figures as continuous volumes, he frac
PICASSO, LES DEMOISELLLES d'AVIGNON, 1907 (PRECUBISM)
ANALYTCAL CUBISM
WHAT: earlier phase elf cubism-subject shown as if seen from several angles simultaneously (traditional perspective is abandoned
-the first phase elf cubism
-developed jointly by Picasso and Braque in which the artists analyzed from every possible vantage
-This painting exemplifies Analytic Cubism.
-Braque dissected the man and his instrument and placed the resulting forms in dynamic interaction with the space around them.
-The way Braque treated light and shadow reveals his departure from conventional art
Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911 (Analytic Cubism)
CUBISM
WHAT: an earlier 20th c art mvt. that rejected naturalistic depictions, preferring compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally perceived world
-Picasso used aspects of his earlier Cubist discoveries to expressive effect, particularly the fragmentation of objects and the dislocation of anatomical features.
-To emphasize the scene's severity and starkness, Picasso reduced his palette to black, whi
Picasso, Guernica, 1937 (Cubism)
FUTURISM
WHAT: Marinetti's fururist manifesto of 1909 (the first of many by the group) outlined the groups aims: the destruction of museums and libraries, and the glorification of speed, machinery and violence. the group hoped for a new world order to emerge from
-Boccioni's Futurist manifesto for sculpture advocated abolishing the enclosed statue.
-The figure is so expanded, interrupted, and broken in plane and contour it almost disappears behind the blur of its movement.
-In its power and sense of vital activity
Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913 (Futurism)
DADA
WHAT: having seen the horrors of "modern" society in bringing about WW, the dadaist embraced irrational, intuitive, nihilistic, absurd and playful qualities; anything anti-modern and anti-rational. Dada has even been referred to as "anti-art" dada isn't a
-It's a readymade sculpture, which is mass-produced common object.
-In Fountain, Duchamp conferred the status of art on a urinal and forced people to see the object in a new light.
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917. (Dada)
SURREALISM
WHAT: Although similar to Dada in irrationality, Surrealism is more positive in spirit. The movement is mostly concerned with different aspects of the unconscious mind and representations of the dream state.
SUBJECT MATTER: Everyday objects in absurd situ
-Dali painted "images of concrete irrationality."
In this realistically rendered landscape featuring three " decaying" watches, he created a haunting allegory of empty space where time has ended.
-Dali rendered every detail of this dreamscape with precise
Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931 (Surrealism)
-The painting takes on an anthropomorphic quality, animated by the quirky combination of the fur with a functional object.
-The sculpture captures the Surrealist flair for alchemical, seemingly magical or mystical, transformation.
-It incorporates a sensu
Meret Oppenheim, Object (Luncheon in Fur), 1936 (Surrealism)
AMERICAN SCENE PAINTING
WHAT: Rejecting European modernism and abstraction, American Scene Painters wanted to create a largely realistic style in the depiction of subjects and scenes related to American life. Two main groups emerged: Regionalists, who painted mostly scenes of mi
-The seeming indifference of Hopper's characters to one another, and the echoing spaces surround them, evoke the overwhelming loneliness and isolation of Depression-era life in the United States.
Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942. (American Scene Painting)
AMERICAN REGIONALISM
..., art movement characterized by the idea that artists in the US could find their identity by focusing on subject matter that was uniquely american
-At a 1931 arts conference, Wood announced a new movement developing in the Midwest, known as Regionalism, which he described as focused on -American subjects and as standing in reaction to the modernist abstraction of Europe and New York.
-Wood and Regio
Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930. (American Regionalism)
MEXICAN SURREALISM
Despite the economic hardships facing artists during the Great Depression, the United States became a haven for European painters, sculptors, and architects seeking to escape from Hitler and the Nazis.
-She used the details of her life as powerful symbols for the psychological pain of human existence.
-The painting represents both Kahlo's personal struggles and the struggles of her homeland.
Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas, 1939. (Mexican Surrealism)
DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPHY
WHAT: The movement represented a reaction against late 19th century Pictorialism, in which photographers sought to copy the effects of painters. To do this, photographers rejected darkroom tricks in favor of the basic properties of the camera and printing
She captured the mixture of strength and worry in the raised hand and careworn face of a young mother, who holds a baby on her lap.
Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley, 1935. (Farm Security Administration documentary photography)
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
..., A painting movement that involved the expression of feelings and states of mind through abstract means, first coming together in New York City in the 1940s.
Pollock's painting technique highlights the most significant aspect of gestural abstraction-- its emphasis on the creative process.
Jackson Pollock, Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist), 1950 (Abstract Expressionism - Action Painting)
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONSIM
Known as a American post- World War II art movement aka The New York School. First major American avante-garde movement. Artists produced abstract paintings expressing their state of mind trying to strike emotional chords in viewers.
-Rothko created compelling visual experiences consisting of two or three large rectangles of pure color with hazy edges that seem to float on the canvas surface, hovering in front of a colored background.
-Like the other Abstract Expressionists, Rothko pr
Mark Rothko, No. 14, 1960 (Abstract Expressionism - Color Field)
MINIMALISM
a predominantly sculptural american trend of the 1960s characterized by works featuring severe reduction of form, often to single, homogenous units
-It presents basic geometric boxes constructed of brass and red Plexiglas, undisguised by paint or other materials.
-It is a straightforward declaration of sculpture's objecthood.
-Judd used Plexiglas because its translucency enables the viewer access to
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1969 (Minimalism)
POP-ART
-a term coined by art critic lawerence alloway to refer to as art, first appearing in the 1950s, that incorporated elements from consumer culture , the mass media, and popular culture, such as images from motion pictures and advertising
-He selected an icon of mass-produced, consumer culture, and then multiplied it, reflecting Coke's omnipresence in American society.
-The silk-screen technique allowed Warhol to print the image endlessly.
Andy Warhol, Green Coca-Cola Bottles, 1962 (Pop)
REALISM
a mvt that emerged in the mid 19th c france,
realist artists rep. the subject matter of everyday life ( especially subjects that previously had been considered inappropriate depiction) in relatively naturalist mode
-Hanson used molds from live models to create his Superrealistic life-size painted plaster sculptures.
-His aim was to capture the emptiness and loneliness of average Americans in familiar settings.
Duane Hanson, Supermarket Shopper, 1970 (Hyper-Realism)
FEMINISM
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Using craft techniques traditionally practiced by women, to celebrate the achievements and contributions women had made throughout history.
Each woman's place has identical eating utensils and a goblet but features a unique oversized porcelain plate and a
Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1979 (Feminism)
EARTHWORKS
..., artworks created by altering a large area of land using natural and organic materials. Earthworks are usually large-scale projects that take formal advantage of the local topography.
Smithson used industrial equipment to create environmental artworks by manipulating earth and rock.
Spiral Jetty is a mammoth coil of black basalt, limestone, and earth extending into Great Salt Lake
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1970 (Earthworks)
EARTHWORKS
..., artworks created by altering a large area of land using natural and organic materials. Earthworks are usually large-scale projects that take formal advantage of the local topography.
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Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Surrounded Islands, Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida, 1980-1983 (Earthworks)
CONTEMPORARY VIDEO ART
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Bill Viola, The Emergence, from the Passions, 2002 (Contemporary Video Art)
SOUTH AND SOUTH EAST ASIA
South and Southeast Asia is a vast geographic Area Comprising, among others, the Nations of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Bangladesh, and Indonesia.
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Abdul Hasan and Manohar, Darbar of Jahangir, ca. 1620
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Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632-1647
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Krishna and Radha in a Pavilion, ca. 1760
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Meera Mukherjee, Ashoka at Kalinga, 1972
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Walking Buddha, from Sukhothai, Thailand, 14th century
CHINA AFTER 1279
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Guan Daosheng, Bamboo Groves in Mist and Rain, Yuan dynasty, 1308
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Forbidden City, Hall of Supreme Harmony and Throne Room, Beijing, China, 15th century and later
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Shen Zhou, Poet on a Mountaintop, ca. 1490-1500
JAPAN AFTER 1333:
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Sesshu Toyo, Splashed-ink (haboku) landscape, detail of the lower of a hanging scroll, Muromachi period, 1495. Tokyo, National Museum.
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Kano Motonobu, Zen Patriarch Xiangyen Zhixian Sweeping with a Broom, from Daitokuji, Kyoto, Japan, Muromachi period, ca. 1513
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Sen No Rikyu, view into the Taian teahouse, Myokian temple, Kyoto, Japan, Momoyama period, ca. 1582
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Kogan (tea-ceremony water jar), Momoyama period, late 16th century.
-first time landscape is a major theme in map
-personicifcaion of natue ias it seems intent on drowning the figures in boats
-striking design contrasts water and sky with large areas of negative trade
Katsushika Hokusai, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, from Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji, Edo period, ca. 1826-1833.
-The Plum Estate, Kameido is a woodcut print that focuses on the branch of a plum tree with a background consisting of varying washes of color.
-A reddish-pink sky gradually fades into white, in turn transferring once more into the green hue of the ground
Ando Hiroshige, Plum Estate, Kameido, from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo, Edo period, 1857. Woodblock print, ink and color on paper, 1' 1 1/4" X 8 5/8". Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn (gift of Anna Ferris).
NATIVE ART OF THE AMERICAS AFTER 1300:
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Coyolxauhqui (She of the Golden Bells), Aztec, from the Great Temple of Tenochtitl�n, Mexico City, ca. 1469. Stone, diameter approx. 10' 10". Museo del Templo Mayor, Mexico City.
-means "she of the serpent Skirt'
-massive figure of the earth goddess, mother of the gods
-snarling features of the face, 2 repent heads that are symbolic of flowing blood
-necklace of human hearts hands and a skull; an insatiable goddess who feasts on p
Coatlicue, from Tenochtitl�n, Mexico City, Mexico, Aztec, ca. 1487-1520
CH. 36
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Asmat bisj poles, Buepis village, Fajit River, Casuarina Coast, Irian Jaya, Melanesia, early to mid-20th century.
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Head of Lono, from Hawaii, Polynesia, ca. 1775-1780
AFRICA AFTER 1800
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Ancestral screen (nduen fobara), Kalabari Ijaw, Nigeria, late 19th century. Wood, fiber, and cloth, 3' 9 �" high. British Museum, London.
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Reliquary guardian figure (biere), Fang, Gabon, late 19th century
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Nail figure (nkisi n'kondi), Kongo, from Shiloango River area, Democratic Republic of Congo, ca. 1875-1900
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Beautiful Lady" dance mask, Senufo, C�te d'Ivoire, late 20th century
BISJ POLES
an elaborately carved pole constructed from the trunk of a mangrove tree. The Asmat people of New Guinea created those poles to indicate their intent to avenge a relative's death.
BUDDAH
a person who has attained enlightenment; in Sanskrit: "awakened".
FUSUMA
: Japanese painted sliding doors panels.
GOPURAS
a massive, ornamented entrance gateway towers of southern Indian temple compounds.
HABOKU
in Japanese art, a loose rapidely execute painting style in which the ink seems to have been applied by flinging or splashing it onto the paper.
KOGAN
Japanese: water jar.
LITERATI
scholars in China and Japan whose poetry, calligraphy, and paintings were supposed primarily to reveal their cultivation and express their personal feelings rather than demonstrate professional skill.
SABI
Japanese; the value found in the old and weathered, suggesting the tranquility reached at old age.
TAJ
Arabic and Persian: "crown
MUDRA
a symbolic hand gesture.
NISHIKI-E
brocade picture; it refers to Japanese multi- colored woodblock printing.
SULTAN
a Muslim ruler.
TATAMI
the traditional woven straw mat used for floor covering in Japanese architecture
TOKONOMA
a shallow alcove in a Japanese room, which is used for decoration , such as painting or stylized flower arrangements.
UKIYO-E
Japanese: pictures of the floating world, during the Edo period, woodcut prints depicting brother, popular entertainment and beautiful women.
WABI
a 16th century Japanese art style characterized by refined rusticity and appreciation of simplicity and austerity.
ZEN
a Japanese Buddhist sect and its doctrine emphasizing enlightenment through intuition and introspection.