The "Renaissance
14-16 century: (the "rebirth" of the art and ideas of classical Greece and Rome) began in Italy in the early 14th century and reached its culmination in the early 16th century, having spread to other parts of Europe.
Renaissance
Society in the Renaissance was liberated and driven toward self understanding and awareness of the world in which humans lived: 1. New values 2. Technological achievements 3. Painting & sculpture took on as great or greater importance than architecture. 4
Origin of Renaissance
Italy: Roman remains/excavations, church, merchant class, intellectual & creativity seen as gifts from God, an effort to create a 'window on the world' (perspective, foreshortening, texture)
Humanism
Concerned with human form; Human body a model for God's Universe; A shift in attitude occurred in Europe as the religious fervor of the Middle Ages was increasingly challenged by logic thought.
Gioto di Bondone
The precursor of the Renaissance and the renovator of naturalistic painting is Italian painter and architect. Naturalism and pictorial space; believable humans, emotions
Dante & Petiarch
Poets, writers whose writing help to start the Renaissance
Arena Chapel in Padua
Gioto: Simplicity, clarity, powerful form, deeply felt emotion were characteristics of his crowning achievement, which was the fresco cycle in the Arena Chapel.
1.Innovative depiction of light, mass (3D), and space (shallow, stage like) gave;
2. A new rea
North vs South
The art of the Renaissance evolved in different ways in Northern and Southern Europe because the people of the 2 regions had different backgrounds, attitudes, and experiences. South: human centered, emphasis on monumentatility and ideal; Byzantine and Gre
Florence
Center of Renaissance; Medici family; Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (Burnelleschi)
Masaccio
first great Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. The Holy Trinity was the first painting based on linear perspective. In Giotto's work, body and drapery appear as one, while in Masaccio's work the figures are clothed nudes with draped garments like r
Botticelli
Birth of Venus; 1st life size nude painting since antiquity; based on Roman sculpture of "Aphrodite"; Not very naturalistic
Donatello
brought the greek idea of what it means to be human into the Christian context of the world. David was the first full-sized, free standing nude stature since Roman times. During the Italian Renaissance, the nude became a major subject for art as it had be
Patronage
During the Renaissance, artists received growing support from a new class of wealthy merchants and bakers, such as the Medici Family, who, with great political skill, dominated the life of Florence.
The Birth of Venus
Botticelli, commissioned of the Medici family and was the first painting of life-sized nudes since Antiquity. The classical Goddess Venus emerges from the water on a shell, blown towards shore by the Zephyrs, symbols of spiritual passions. She is joined b
The Renaissance in Northern Europe
The northern art was based on copying elements in nature, and not the classical backgrounds evident in the past art of Greece and Rome. These artists established the independence of natural landscapes and genre subjects (scenes of everyday life of common
Jan van Eyck
achieved glowing surfaces by the use of glazes in "Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin" from 1433-1434, which is considered the first painting in the "new" oil painting techniques.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder,
Landscape that served as a backdrop in paintings of earlier artists, here become the principal theme, a grand setting in which humans take their appointed place, the rhythm of their work and lives falling in with rhythm of the seasons and creation.
The High Renaissance
(Quattrocento) Italian Art reached a peak in the cities of Florence, Rome and Venice. The three major artists Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael developed a style of Art that was calm, balanced, and idealized, and merged Christian theology with G
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Human is part of nature. He embodied the spirit of the new movement known as the Renaissance. He was a genius whose mind ranged over every imaginary subject. He was a painter, sculpture, architect, town planner, writer, musician, scientist, engineer and i
The Last Supper (1495-1498)
transformed the representation of a biblical event into a psychological portrait of Christ, his disciples, and their reaction to his words, "One of you shall betray me". The paint did not adhere to the wall, and started to decay during Leonardo's own life
Mona Lisa
Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa (77x53 cm wood, 1503-06) Most famous work of Leonardo da Vinci. He utilized Chiaroscuro, a technique that gave his paintings the soft, lifelike quality that made older paintings look cartoony and flat. Another techn
High Renaissance Italy
(1475-1564) From a base in 15th c Florence, the Medici family used charm, patronage, duplicity, and ruthlessness to amass wealth and power. The Medic's also ignited Western history's most important cultural and artistic revolution. Amongst other artists,
Michelangelo
One of the greatest artists, sculptor, painter, architect of all time, who considered himself primarily a sculptor. David, Pieta, Moses, Dome of St Peters, Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo looked at human beings as unique and almost Godlike.
Statue of David
In 1501 Michelangelo was commissioned to sculpt a statue of David for Palazzo Vecchio, as a symbol of the Republic of Florence. He worked three years on this sculpture. He was able to give a depiction of the inner feelings of a human in the work as oppose
Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo was commissioned to paint twelve figures of apostles and some decorations on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. By October 31st, 1512, he had painted over 300 figures on the ceiling: scenes from Genesis, Prophets and sibyls, biblical ancestor
Raphael
youngest of 3 master of Renaissance; The most expressive of the clarity and balance that marked art of the period; awareness of the divine in human beings; Madonna of the Chair; The School of Athens (includes Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo)
Baroque
(1600-1750); The Baroque style was born in Italy, and later adopted in France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain. It is a heroic, dramatic, emotional and theatrical style. Baroque covers a wide range of styles and artists; the art shows great energy and fee
Catholic Counter Reformation
Many of the characteristics of the Baroque art were promoted by the Catholic Counter Reformation. The Baroque style is characterized by the use of stories and characters from the Bible and Classical heritage and landscapes, portraits, and genre pictures.
Baroque ART
was intended to be both:
1. Doctrinally correct according to the religion,
2. Visually and emotionally appealing so that it could influence the largest possible audience.
Bernini
the single greatest artist in Rome during the Baroque period. He was a painter, architect and above all, a sculptor.
Ecstasy of Saint Theresa
Bernini (Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome) epitomizes the highly charged theatricality that is a hallmark of the baroque. A life-size marble sculpture of Saint Theresa depicts one of her visions. Bernini made the visionary experience vivid
Baroque painting
Baroque painting had many of the same attributes that Baroque sculpture and architecture had: theatrics, sexual innuendo, and violent subjects. Baroque used revolutionary techniques of dramatic, selective illumination of figures out of deep shadows - a ha
Carravaggio
(1571-1610) Caravaggio is key painter of this form of Baroque.
-Italian painter who influenced most of the painters of his time through his use of great contrasts and theatrical lighting
-was a murderer (condottieri) and had a violent nature -in works are
Peter Paul Rubens
(1577-1640) and his atelier executed a large number of mythological and religious paintings for patrons all over Europe. His mature style, with its exceedingly rich colors, dynamic compositions, and voluptuous female forms, is the peak of northern baroque
Flemish
Baroque that was developed mainly in Flemish countries emphasis realism of everyday life. Baroque art depicts both religious and nonreligious subjects. The major patrons were middle-class merchants and bankers.
Jan Vermeer
(1632-75)
-master of light and perspective
-was concerned with color, texture, and details of the physical world
-used camera obscura -works were technically correct to the finest detail
Rembrandt van Rijn
(1606-69) with his art, touched on every aspect of human life and left his mark on Art History.
-conveyed character and drama through his use of dark and light in his famous self portraits, fashionable group portraits, biblical subjects pictures and lands
Diego Velasquez
-court painter for Philip IV of Spain
-"Las Meninas" is a view into the artist's studio and the lives of the Royal family. This art work reaches out beyond its frame in a subtle dynamism of image in which light and shadow play a major role.
The Baroque style
dynamic art which reflects the growth of absolutist monarchies and is suitable to manifest power. Baroque is a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects explored emotion, movement, and variety in their works. Baroque favors higher volumes, exagge
Rococo
(1700 - 1760) seen both as the climax and fall of Baroque art. After the heavy works created in the Baroque style artists were ready for a change.
word "rococo
derived from "rocaille", meaning "rock work" or "shell work," a favorite motif of the time. It stresses purely ornamental, light, casual and irregular design.
Rococo style
characterized by pastel colors, gracefully delicate curving forms, fanciful figures, and a lighthearted mood (visually and physically). The essence of Rococo art is light. Extreme highlights are placed on the subject matter and the overall work is light i
Jean-Honore Fragonard
the main representative of Rococo, whose art was focused on the aristocracy and their indulgent lifestyle rather than piety, morality, self-discipline, reason, and heroism (all of which can be found in the baroque).