a negative
An empty space defined by its surround is known as ________ shape.
TRUE
mplied line gives us the impression we are seeing a line where there is no continuous mark.
a geometric
A shape made of perfectly straight lines would probably be classified as ________ shape.
FALSE
Directional lines can only be implied.
negative
In her painting Music�Pink and Blue II, Georgia O'Keeffe emphasized the blue ________ space in order to attract the viewer's attention into a deep interior.
a positive
A shape on a flat picture surface that is defined by surrounding empty space is known as ________ shape
surface
In his drawing of the Ducal Palace in Venice, Canaletto used line to accentuate the patterned facade of the building so that the viewer has a better sense of ________.
TRUE
To this day, patterns from Islamic art can be found in the designs and architecture of Spain.
FALSE
Within two dimensions we can communicate only a few interaction in mankind's history of understanding.
directional
In James Allen's etching The Connectors, an image of workers erecting the Empire State Building, the artist created a feeling of great height by using ________ line to lead the viewer's eye diagonally downward.
TRUE
Contour lines can suggest a volume in space by giving us clues about the changing character of a surface.
an implied
The sphere that designer Saul Bass created for the AT&T logo is not defined by a continuous boundary. This type of shape, which can be suggested by dots or lines that do not connect, is termed ________ shape.
form
A two-dimensional object is called a shape, and a three-dimensional object is known as a ________.
foreground
To imply greater depth, the sculptor who created the relief carvings on the outside of the Ara Pacis Augustae carved the figures in the ________ more deeply than those that are in the background, in order to make them stand out more.
TRUE
The visual impact of the Olmec sculpture of a Colossal Head is directly related to its mass.
nearly every angle
A sculpture designed in the round can be viewed from ________.
TRUE
Focal point is an imaginary line showing the center of a shape, volume, or composition
TRUE
In the early 20th Century, artists calling themselves Surrealists created work that drew on ideas and images from dreams and the unconscious mind
mass
Our experience of objects in the natural world often leads us to assume that a large object will be heavy, but in fact this is not necessarily the case. This element of art is called ________.
cuboids
The artist David Smith created sculptures of geometric forms. In his work Cubi XIX, Smith used the following geometric shapes:
subversive
By using ________ texture to contradict previous tactile experience, artists can invite viewers to reconsider the world around them.
Ghostwriter
Sculptors Ralph Helmick and Peter Schechter experimented with open volume when they created this hanging sculpture, installed in the Evanston Public Library in Illinois.
closer
An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ________.
FALSE
Perspective is the distance between identifiable points or planes.
depth
Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.
TRUE
If an artist were to depict five people each running toward a different tree, from different starting points, the artist would have to use multi-point perspective.
foreshortening
When the rules of perspective are applied in order to represent unusual points of view, we call this ________.
value
The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called ________.
orthogonals
A Summer Shower by the British artist Edith Hayllar employs linear perspective to create depth. The painting contains imaginary sightlines that converge toward a single vanishing point. These lines are also called ________.
TRUE
High light light is an area of lightest value in a work.
hatching
The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called ________.
atmospheric perspective
Kindred Spirits by Asher Brown Durand uses the effects of ________ to give a sense of the vastness of the American landscape.
chiaroscuro
This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of three-dimensional solid form is called ________.
Raphael
This Italian artist used two-point combined with one-point perspective in his painting The School of Athens.
atmospheric perspective
When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:
isometric perspective
This system, which derives its name from the Greek meaning "equal measure," uses diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.
highlight
The chiaroscuro method uses five defined values: cast shadow, reflected light, core shadow, light, and ________.
phosphors
In a digital display, color is created when light cells called ________ illuminate.
FALSE
Picasso was the leader of the Fauves is a group of early twentieth-century French artists whose paintings used vivid colors.
subtractive
When ________ colors are mixed, they make a duller and darker color because more of the visible spectrum is absorbed.
red and green
If you were to design an eye-catching poster using only two colors, the combination that would most stand out to passersby would be ________.
absorb
Physicists have explained that when we see a color, it is the portion of the light spectrum that a surface fails to ________.
analogous
Colors that do not contrast strongly with each other, and which are similar in wavelength, are ________ colors.
lime yellow
Advertisers often use this color to reach their audience because it is the most visible in the spectrum.
blue, red, yellow
The traditional primary colors are ________.
vibrate
When complementary colors are used next to each other in a composition, they produce a visual anomaly called simultaneous contrast. This visual effect makes the colors appear to ________ along the boundary where the two colors meet.
red, green, blue
The artist Charles Csuri creates rich artworks, such as Wondrous Spring, using digital media. Illuminated displays can create millions of color possibilities out of these three primary colors:
film noir
Double Indemnity, a 1944 movie by Billy Wilder, is an example of this genre of mid-twentieth-century cinema.
movement
Bernini's sculpture of Apollo and Daphne is based on a mythological story in which a god pursues a nymph. The artist used diagonal lines and flowing drapery to convey the ________ of the chase.
running forwards
If a figure in an artwork has drapery billowing out behind it, and appears to have multiple feet in different positions, the viewer might assume that this figure is ________.
Solar Rotary
Nancy Holt created this work, which intertwines the passage of time with the movement of the sun.
tell a story
When painters in the workshop of the fifteenth-century artist known as the Master of Osservanza illustrated The Meeting of St. Anthony and St. Paul, they solved the problem of how to ________ in a single painting by merging a series of episodes into one p
zoetrope
This spinning toy gives a sense of motion to a viewer when he or she looks through small slits in its cylindrical drum at a strip of changing pictures.
actual motion
This kind of motion is occurring when we see movement in real life.
kinetic
This type of sculpture can move and change its visual form.
Bridget Riley
This artist, who created the work Cataract 3, used the natural movement of the human eye to create illusions of motion.
Dynamism
The Italian Futurist artist Giacomo Balla implied motion by repetition and inference in his work ________ of a Dog on a Leash.
TRUE
Size choices influence all the other elements and principles of design.
TRUE
It does not matter if a sculptor is creating a human statue on a monumental scale, or a figure much smaller than lifesize: if the sculptor applies the ratio of the Golden Section, the sculpture will have naturalistic proportions.
Golden Section
This proportional system uses a ratio of 1:1.618.
Surrealists
This group of artists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences.
monumental
The Swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg uses this kind of scale in his sculptures to express admiration for the little things in everyday life.
Raphael
In his work The School of Athens, this Renaissance artist created figures using the ideal human proportions developed by the ancient Greeks.
FALSE
Scale-whether monumental, human, small, hierarchical or distorted-carries little meaning and communicates minimally to an artwork's message.
FALSE
An artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to
spiral
Rectangles based on the Golden Section can be nested inside each other to create an elegant ________.
TRUE
It is likely that Greek sculptors of the Classical period used much simpler methods than the Golden Section to calculate the proportions of their sculptures.
TRUE
In a composition, rhythm links elements together.
C�rdoba
The Great Mosque in this Spanish city displays repetitive rhythms that can be associated with worship activities, such as reciting prayers.
TRUE
Alternating rhythm can create a dynamic sense of energy and add visual interest, because we may not be able to predict what the rhythm will do next.
TRUE
The part of a work depicted furthest from the viewer's space, often behind the main subject matter is claaed the background.
randomness
If you were to create an artwork by throwing open cans of paint over your shoulder onto a canvas behind you, this work would be an example of ________.
Peter Bruegel
This sixteenth-century Flemish artist designed the work Hunters in the Snow using rhythms and subsidiary rhythms that lead the viewer's eye through the work.This sixteenth-century Flemish artist designed the work Hunters in the Snow using rhythms and subs
voussoirs
In the Great Mosque, there are red and white stone wedges that make up the series of repeating arches that dominate the interior. What are these stone wedges called?
Dada
This art movement, of which Hans Arp was a member, valued randomness, absurdity, and nonsense over rational or orderly patterns.
FALSE
Alternating rhythm can create a welcoming predictability in a work of art.
India
The seventeenth-century huqqa base was created by an Islamic artist, or artists, in ________.
motif
A design repeated as a unit in a pattern is called a ________.
TRUE
A design repeated as a unit in a pattern is called a motif.