naturalistic
an approach portraying the visible world that emphasizes the objective observation and accurate imitation of appearances.
ex. First Communion by Pablo Picasso
abstract
art in which the forms of the visual world are purposefully simplified, fragmented, or otherwise distorted.
ex.Woman with Packages by Louise Bourgeios
nonrepresentational
art that does not repesent or otherwise refer to the isible world outside itself.
ex.Melodious by Vasily Kandinsky
Trompe l'oeil
french word for "fool of the eye," representational art that mimics optical experience so faithfuly that it may be mistaken momentarily for reality.
ex.Housepainter III by Duane Hanson
stylized
representational art in which methods for depicting forms have become standardized, and can thus be repeated without further observation of the real-world model.
ex. Hathor and Sety, detail of a pillar from the tomb of SetyI
outsider artist/folk artist
don't belong to ay other movemnet or style
no acamedic training or artist who are self taught.
ex. Paul Gaugin
form
the physical appearance of a work of art-its materials, style, and composition.
content
What a work of art is about, its subject matter as interpreted by a viewer.
context
the personal and social circumstances surrounding the making, viewing, and interpreting of a work of art.
iconography
the identification, description, and interpretation of subject matter in art.
ex.Jocho. Amida Nyorai, in the Hoodo
installation
art form in which an entire an room or similar space is treated as a work of art to be intered and experienced
ex.Ann Hamilton, mantle
conceptual art
art created according to the beleif that the essence of art resides in a motivating idea, and that any physical realization or recording of his idea is secondary.
iconoclasm
derived from the Greek for "image breaking:" idolatry, destoyed the images so people would not worship them.
triptych
a composition consiting of three panels side by side, geneally hinged in such a way that the outer two panels can close like shutters over the central one.
ex. The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch
outline, contour
perceived edges of a three-dimensional form such as the human body.
ex. Sequence 6 from Flow Chart for "The Perfect Ride" by Jennifer Pastor
Implied line
ex.the Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault
shape and mass
shape-two dimensional form. it occupies an area with identifiable boundaries.
ex. chanter by Emmi Whitehorse
mass-is three dimensional form that occupies a volume of space.
ex. the Raven and the First Men by Bill Reid
positive and neative shapes
In two dimensional images, the relationship b/w a shape we perceive as dominant(the figure)(positive) an the background shape we perceive it against(the ground)(negative)
implied shapes
t help sirect our eyes around a composition, to create a sense of order, to perceive a work of art as a unified and harmonious whole.
ex. the Madonna of the Meadows by Raphael
Mary, the young John the Baptist(left) and the young Jesus(right)
chiaroscuro
Italian for "light-dark". two-dimensional, representational art, the techinque of using values to record light and shadow, esp. as they provide information about the three-dimensional form
ex.The Virgin and Saint Anne with the Christ Child and John the Ba
Hatching
areas of closely spaced parallel lines,
cross-hatching
additional sets of parallel lines laid across the first
stippling
areas of dots average out through optical mixing into values.
Primary colors
red, yellow, blue-they can not be made by any mixture of other colors
Secondary colors
orange, green, and violet-made by combining two primary colors
tertiary colors
also called intermediate-are the product of a primary color and a secondary color
warm colors
red-orange side of the wheel.
cool colors
bluegreen side of the wheel
tint
a color lighter than the hue's nomal value
shade
a color darker than the hue's normal value
monochromatic harmonies
are composed of variations on the same hue
complimentary harmonies
involve colors direcly opposte each otheron the color wheel, such as red and green.
analogous harmonies
combine colors adjancent to one another on the color wheel.
triadic harmonies
composed of any three colors equidstant from each other on the color wheel. red, yellow, blue
restricted palette
when an artist limits themselvesto a few pigments and their mixtures, tints, and shades
ex. Paul Revere by Copely
open palette
all colors are permitted for use in a painting
ex. Jahangir Receives aCup from Khusrau by Manohar
potinillism
pure colors were applied in regular, small touches(points) that blended through optical color mixture when viewed at a certain distance.
ex.evening, honfleur by Georges Seurat
Linear perspective
is based of the obervation that parallel lines appear to converge as they recede fron the viewer, finally meeting ar a vanshing point on the horizon, relies on a fixed viewpoint.
ex. Francesco di Giorgio Martini Architectural Perspective
foreshortening
the visual phenomenon whereby an elongated object projecting toward or away from a viewer appears shorter than its actual length, as though compressed.
atmospheric perspective
based on the observation that distant objects appear less distinct, paler, and bluer than nearby objects b/c of the way moisture in the intervening atmosphere scatters light.
ex.the Rocky Mountains, Lander Peak by Albert Bierstadt
Isometric perspective
uses diagonal lines to convey recession, but parallel lines do not converge. it is principally used in Asian art, which is not based in a fixed viewpoint.
ex. The Siege of Belgrade, froma manuscript o Sulaymannama.
Kinetic art
imcorporate (rather then depicts) real or apparent movement.
ex.Southern Cross by alexander Calder
composition
the organization of lines, shapes,colors, and other art elements in a work of art, in two dimensional art
design
the organization of cisual elements in a work of art. applied to all kinds of art.
visual unity
based in the elemens of shape, line, color, and so on.
conceptual unity
through a unity of ideas
ex. Mes Voeux by Annette Messager
symmetrical balance
the forms of a composition mirror each other across a central axis, an imaginary straight line that divides the mcomposition in half.
asymmetrical balance
has two sies that do not match.
emphasis
our attnention is drawn more to certain parts of a composition than to others.
focal point
the emphasis is on a relatively small, clearly defined areas
subordination
that certain areas of the composition are purposefully made less visually interesting, so that the areas of emphasis stand out.
scale
size in relation to a standard or "normal" size
hierarchical scale
use of scale to indicate relative importance
proprotion
refers to size relationhips b/w parts of a whole, or b/w two or more items perceived as a unit.
golden section
a rectangle constructed suing the proportion of the golden section.
rhythm
is based on repetition, one of the menas that artists use ro structrue our experience.
ex. Maya Lin's Strom King Wace Fiel