an idea
All product designs begin with ____________ .
supplier involvement
Involving suppliers early in the design process is called:
materials
Which of the following is not a fixed cost?
the quantity where revenue equals total cost
In break-even analysis, what is the break-even point?
sell above the break even point
In break-even analysis, in order to make a profit the company must
2000
For a company, the fixed cost is $ 40,000 per year, the variable cost for each unit produced to be $50, the selling price per unit of the product is $70, what's the break-even quantity?
conceptual design
Which of the following is not a step in product design?
reverse engineering
When designing the Taurus model, what did Ford Motor Company do with regard to BMW and Toyota?
benchmarking
Studying the practices of companies considered "best in class" and comparing the performance of our company against their performance is
psychological benefits of the product
Service design differs from product design by including _____________ .
the later stages
Maturity and decline are also referred to as:
flexibility and delivery
With respect to competitive priorities, intermittent operations compete more on _____________ compared to repetitive operations.
capital intensive
Which of the following is not characteristic of intermittent operations?
line processes
What type of process is designed to produce a large volume of a standardized product for mass production, such as automobiles?
product screening
Evaluating a product idea to determine its likelihood of success is
deciding how to allocate overhead
For which of the following is break-even analysis not appropriate?
manufacturability
the ease with which a product can be made
product design
the process of defining all of the product's characteristics and features
process selection
the development of the process necessary to produce the designed product
service design
the process of establishing all the characteristics of the service, including physical, sensual, and psychological benefits
benchmarking
the process of studying the practices of companies considered "best in class" and comparing your company's performance against theirs
reverse engineering
the process of disassembling a product to analyze its design features
product screening
evaluating a product after it has been developed to determine its likelihood of success
early supplier involvement
involving suppliers in the early stages of product design
break even
a technique used to compute the amount of goods a company would need to sell to cover its costs
fixed costs
costs a company incurs regardless of how much it produces
variable costs
costs that vary directly with the amount of units produced
design for manufacture (DFM)
a series of guidelines to follow in order to produce a product easily and profitably
design simplification
guideline of DFM; reducing the number of parts and features of the product whenever possible
design standardization
guideline of DFM; the use of common and interchangeable parts
introduction, growth, maturity, decline
the four stages of the product life cycle:
product life cycle
a series of stages that products pass through in their lifetime, characterized by changing product demands over time
concurrent engineering
an approach that brings together multifunction teams in the early phase of product design in order to simultaneously design the product and the process
remanufacturing
the concept of using components of old products in the production of new ones
intermittent and repetitive
the two types of processes
intermittent operations
processed used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements in lower volumes
repetitive operations
processes used to produce one or a few standardized products in high volume
volume and degree of specialization
two main differences between intermittent and repetitive operations
project processes and batch processes
intermittent operations can be divided into:
line processes and continuous processes
repetitive operations can be divided into:
project process
a type of process used to make a one at a time product exactly to customer specifications
batch process
a type of process used to produce a small quantity of products in groups or batches based on customer orders or specifications
line process
a type of process used to produce a large volume of a standardized product
continuous process
a type of process that operates continually to produce a high volume of a fully standardized product
process flow analysis
a technique used for evaluating a process in terms of the sequence of steps from inputs to outputs with the goal of improving its design
process flowchart
a chart showing the sequence of steps in producing the product or service
bottleneck
longest task in the process
make to stock
produces standard products and services for immediate sale or delivery
assemble to order
produces standard components that can be combined to customer specifications
make to order
produces products to customer specifications after an order has been received
process performance metrics
measurements of different process characteristics that tell how a process is performing
throughput time
average amount of time it takes a product to move through the system
process velocity
ratio of throughput time to value added time
productivity
ratio of outputs over inputs
utilization
ratio of time a resource is used to time it is available for use
efficiency
ratio of actual output to standard output
information technology (IT)
technology that enables storage, processing, and communication of information within and between firms
radio frequency identification (RFID)
a wireless technology that uses memory chips equipped with radio antennas attached to objects used to transmit streams of data
automation
using machinery to perform work without human operators
flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
a type of automated system that combines the flexibility of intermittent operations with the efficiency of continuous operations
numerically controlled (NC)
a machine controlled by a computer that can perform a variety of tasks
computer-aided design (CAD)
a system that uses computer graphics to design new products
computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
the integration of product design, process planning, and manufacturing using an integrated computer system
physical goods, sensual benefits, psychological benefits
the three elements of the service package; purchased together as part of the service