What are the two funcitions of the cardiovascular system
Take oxygen and nutrents to the body cells (to fuel them) and carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and waste to the kidneys
What type of muscle is the heart made up of
Myocardium
What is the heart's "pacemaker
A node in the right atrium
What does blood transport
Oxygen, hormones, nutrients
What are the four components of blood
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Plasma
Largest component of blood volume, fluid in which the three other parts of blood are suspended
Red blood cells
Contains hemoglobin, carries oxygen to the body tissues
White blood cells
Protects the body from and fights infection
Platelets
Clot when they come in contact with damaged blood vessels in order to prevent blood loss
What are the three types of blood vessels
Arteries, capillaries, veins
Arteries
Largest type of blood vessels, carries blood away from the heart
What do arteries branch into
Arterioles
What is the largest artery
The aorta
Capillaries
Connect/carry blood between the arterioles and the venules
Two differences in the make up of arteries and veins
Arteries are more elastic, arteries have thick walls and veins have thin ones
Veins
Vessels that return blood to the heart
What forms veins
Venules
5 risk factors for Cardiovascular disease (uncontrollable)
Heredity, ethnicity, gender, age, environment
5 risk factors for hypertension (controllable)
Obesity, alcohol, inactivity, smoking, excessive salt
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Systolic pressure
Ventricles contract, blood in arteries is at its greatest pressure
Diastolic pressure
Ventricles relax, pressure in arteries is at its lowest level
Normal blood pressure
120 over 80
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
When fatty deposits accumulate narrowing blood vessels
Angina Pectoris
A warning that the heart is in distress, can lead to heart attack, caused by lack of oxygen to the heart
Heart attack
When the distress of angina continues over time
Signs of a heart attack
Pressure, squeezing, nausea, sweating, shortness of breath, numbness in upper body
Fibrillation
Rapid ineffective negation of one or more ventricles, known as cardiac arrest
Congestive heart faliure
A slow gradual weakening of the heart from overwork, hypertension, or arteriosclerosis
Stroke
Blocking of the cerebral artery by a blood clot, cerebral hemorrhage (when an artery in the brain bursts)
Signs of a stroke
Numbness in the face, arm, and leg in one side of the body, trouble speaking, loss of vision, unexplained dizziness
2 Functions of the lymphatic system
Fight infection, drain tissue fluid back into the blood stream
Lymph
Fluid made of proteins, fats, and lymphocytes that fills the spaces around the body cells
Lymphocytes
White blood cells that protect the body against pathogens
Two types of lymphocytes
B cells, T cells
Function of B cells
Enlarge and multiply, produce antibodies
Two types of T cells
Killer T cells, Helper T cells
Function of Killer T cells
Multiply when abnormal cells are present and destroy them
Function of helper T cells
Aid the activity of B and T cells
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
What does HIV stand for
Human immunodeficiency virus
4 ways HIV is transmitted
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk
4 behaviors that transmit HIV
Sexual intercourse, sharing needles, blood transfusions, mother-to-child
How does HIV work
Reproduces in helper T cells, these cells are then destroyed, this weakens the immune system
HIV/AIDS testing
1. ELISA
2. Western blot
Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
Headache, fever, swollen glands, white spots in mouth, reddish purple blotches on skin
How long can it take for symptoms of HIV/AIDS to appear
6 months - 10 years
Asymptomatic stage
Period of Months or years which the virus is present but shows no symptoms
Opportunistic illness
Infections/illnesses that do not usually produce illness in healthy people
What is the only 100% method for avoiding HIV/AIDS
Abstinence
Heart murmur
Irregular sounds heard during the heart beat
Varicose veins
Swollen and enlarged veins
Anemia
Low concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells
Leukemia
Suppressed production of blood cells
Hemophilia
Bloods ability to clot is severely reduced
Hodgkins disease
Causes enlargement of the lymph node, liver, and spleen
Tonsillitis
Enlargement of the tonsils
Circulatory system order
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery