Memory is best defined as
the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information
The process if getting information in memory Is called
Encoding
The process of getting information out of memory is called
retrieval
Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.
sensory memory
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
short term
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called
long term memory
To organize the active information processing that occurs in short term memory, researchers have characterized it as
Working memory
Automatic Processing and effort full recessing involve two types of
Encoding
We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?
parallel processing
Automatic processing occurs without
conscious awareness
During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day's events. This best illustrates
automatic processing
effortful processing can occur only with
conscious attention
When first introduced to someone, Marcel effectively remembers the person's name by repeating it to himself several times. Marcel makes use of a strategy called:
rehearsal
Priming is to retrieval as rehearsal is to
encoding
Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of
Rehearsal
Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as
spacing effect
The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle Items is known as
serial position
Semantic encoding refers to the processing of
Meanings
Your ability to immediately recognize the voice on the phone as your mother's illustrates
acoustic encoding
Elaine's memory of her Paris vacation is more positive today than it was last year just after she went. This best illustrates
rosy retrospection
A mnemonic device is a
memory aid
Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best illustrates the use of
Th peg- word system
Chunking refer to
The organization of information into meaningful units
The use of acronyms to improve ones memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of
Chunking
By creating an outline in which specific facts and theories are located within the larger framework of major topics and subtopics, Jasmine can remember much more of what she reads in her textbooks. This best illustrates the benefits of
hierarchical organization
Iconic memory refers to
photographic, or picture-image, memory that lasts for only about a second.
The magical number seven, plus two or m in us two" refers to storage capacity of
Short term memory
The human capacity for storing long term memories is
essentially unlimited
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
flashbulb memories
Most Americans still have accurate flashbulb memories of the 9/11 terrorists attacks in 2001. This best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by
The body's release of stress hormones
After having a stroke, Aaron has great difficulty recalling any of his subsequent life experiences. He is most likely suffering from
Amnesia
concious memory of factual informations is called
Explicit memory
An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is being utilized?
recognition
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
recall and recognition
Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called
Retrieval cues
Memories are primed by
retrieval cues