List three challenges that the first land-dwelling plants would have needed to overcome.
maintain moisture, supporting the plant boy and reproduction
Two adaptations that land plants have for minimizing water loss are____and____
waxy cuticles and closing stomata
The first group of land plants is called. List two adaptations that they lack.
bryophytes, they lack true roots and leaves
A rose bush is what kind of plant? When did this type of plant first appear?
angiosperm, 140 million years ago
Which of the following types of plants have the following characteristics: originated 360____(mya), produce seeds that are not in specialized chambers, were abundant during the age of dinosaurs?
gymnosperms
True or false: Plants have an alternation of generations that include diploid and haploid stages.
True
In humans, haploid gametes are produced by meiosis. However, plants produce haploid gametes by mitosis. How this is possible.
gametophyte plant is what produces gametes, because the gametophyte is already haploid, it needs only to produce haploid gametes through mitosis.
Which of the following statements is incorrect about alternation of generations in plants?
the dominant plant structure in a fern is the gametophyte
Briefly explain how the burning of fossil fuels in the past 200 years has essentially reversed that trend.
Fossil fuels burnt today are the organic remnants of all those plants, the carbon found within those fuels were originally taken from the atmosphere by those plants during photosynthesis, we are now returning that carbon to the atmosphere as CO2
What are the two major differences between the sperm of seedless plants and that of seed plants?
Seedless plants produce flagellated sperm, whereas seed plants have pollen grains that disperse the sperm-producing cells through the air.
Pollination and fertilization are often confused. Briefly compare pollination with fertilization.
pollination is when a pollen grain lands on a compatible female structure; fertilization is when the pollen grain grows a pollen tube and discharges sperm nucleus for fusion with the female gamete.
In____ the flowers are the sites of____ and____
angiosperms, pollination, fertilization
You remove the stamen from a flowering plant. In effect, what have you just created
the female plant
From question 13, what famous scientist did the same thing?
Gregor Mendel
True or false: Fertilization in angiosperms following pollination usually takes months, which has limited its success in many environments.
False, it takes 12 hours
A beautiful fall day outside and you are enjoying a day picking apples at the local apple orchard. Unable to resist, you bite into an apple straight off the tree. Briefly explain what you are eating.
ripened ovary of an apple tree flower
A(n)____is an adaptation of angiosperms to help____its seeds.
fruit, disperse
List three different seed structures that give rise to three different seed-dispersal techniques.
dandelion seeds
True or false: Not every angiosperm has invested in attracting pollinators.
True
Modern plant-breeding techniques (artificial selection in action) have reduced genetic variability in many of our most commercially valuable plants. To most people, that would generate a shrug. However, a biology student who has studied evolution understa
the lack of genetic diversity could become a problem if a disease or insect begins to destroy crops
All members of the kingdom____are____that acquire organic
molecules through____.
fungi, heterotrophs, absorption
mycorrhizae
fungi that live symbiotically with plants
chitin
makes up the cell wall of fungi
True or false: The diploid (2n) stage of fungi is usually short.
True
When the mycelia of two different fungi grow toward each other and fuse their cytoplasm, it is not often followed by nuclear fusion. What is this stage called?
heterokaryotic stage; cells that contain two genetically distinct haploid nuclei
mold
reproduce by producing spores
yeast
reproduce through cell division that creates buds that pinch off from the parent cell
mold and yeast
reproduce asexually and belong to the fungi kingdom
True or false: Animals and fungi diverged from a flagellated Archaeplastid.
False; evolved from unicot
a plant has a mutation that keeps it from being invaded by the hyphae of a glomeromycete. In what nutrient would you expect this plant to be deficient?
you would expect the plant to be deficient in phosphate bc the arbuscle helps the plant mainly by supplying phosphate
What crucial role do fungi play in terrestrial environments apart from mycorrhizae?
crucial as decomposers of organic material
Fungi have no shortage of important medical and commercial roles in our society. list three things
break down toxic pollutants, they help produce cheeses, are a source for certain antibiotics
lichens are actually a symbiotic association of____and____
fungi, photosynthetic organisms
explain why lichens are important pioneers on new land.
they help to form soil
What piece of evidence suggests an ancient relationship between fungi and plants?
endosymbiotic theory