Why do cells divide
Grow, Replace, Repair
Why does DNA replicate BEFORE cell division
So that when the cell divides each cells will have the full set of DNA
What is the PURPOSE of mitosis
To split the DNA equally and make two identical daughter cells
Why are cells so small
So more nutrients can get in and get waste out
Surface Area: outside area of cell
Volume: inside area of cell
HIGH ratio is best because it's a smaller cell
Sister chromatid
during Anaphase/ Telophase, the chromosome is split into two equal DNA pieces.
Chromatin
During Interphase when the DNA is stringy. This would be difficult to divide.
Chromosomes
are when the DNA coils tightly so that it can be split more easily
What role do the spindle fibers play in mitosis
he proteins that pull the
chromosomes apart during Mitosis
G1
grow
s phase
dna gets replicated
G2
grow
Stages of Interphase
G1, S, G2
phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase
nuclear membrane begins to break down, dna coils into chromosomes, spindle fibers appear from centrioles
metaphase
chromosomes are brought to the middle by the spindle fibers
anaphase
spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids to opposite end
telophase
sister chromatids move far away to opposite sides, nucleus begins to appear again, spindle fibers begin to break down
cytokinesis
cytoplasm splits, 2 identical cell with equal DNA, Dna returns to stringy chromatin
What happens if a cell fails a checkpoint
repair or self destruct
what is cancer
uncontrolled cell division
What happens in the cell that leads to cancer
genetic mutation
two different types of tumors
benign and malignant
Benign Tumor
An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the body.
Malignant Tumor-
An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and to other parts of the body
Metastasis
tumor cells break loose and spread in the body
Angiogenesis
he cells attract new blood vessel growth
stage 1
tumor limited to original location
stage 2
limited spread
stage 3
regional spread
stage 4
metastasis
causes of cancer
radiation, smoking, genetics, virus
treatments for cancer
chemotherapy, radiation, surgery