DNA
Nucleic acid made up of nucleotides, genetic blueprint of life, composed of two complementary antiparallel strands running 3' to 5' making a double helix
Backbone of DNA
Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate connected by phosphodiester bonds
Rungs
nitrogen bases pairs hydrogen bonded together
Base pairs of DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Genes
Code specifically for polypeptides, located on chromosomes
Genome
All the DNA in one cell of an organism
two
Number of copies made of the DNA during replication prior to cell division
First step of DNA replication
the DNA double helix is "unzipped" or separated when an enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases
Second step of DNA replication
Topoisomerase reduce supercoiling ahead of the replication fork
Third step of DNA replication
RNA primase places an RNA primer down in the template strands
Fourth step of DNA replication
DNA polymerase reads the DNA base pairs of a strand as a template and lays down complementary nucleotides to generate a new complementary partner strand
Fifth step of DNA replication
Replication proceeds continuously on the leading strand
Sixth step of DNA replication
The lagging strand forms with Okazaki fragments, which must be joined later by DNA ligase