Science 8.11-8.13

In humans, how many chromosomes are in somatic cells?

46
23 pairs

What are homologous chromosomes?

same in length, centromere position, and staining pattern

Locus

position of a gene on a chromosome

sex chromosomes

X and Y chromosomes.

autosomes

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

Gametes

eggs and sperm

Gametes are also known as

haploid cells, contains a single set of chromosomes

Meiosis

a type of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid organisms

What phase duplicates chromosomes?

interphase

What is the difference between Meiosis and Mitosis?

-meiosis is followed by two consecutive cell divisions
-mitosis is followed by only one cell division

In meiosis, the four daughter cells produces what?

a haploid set of chromosomes

Interphase

centromeres duplicate

Meiosis I: Prophase I

The nuclear membrane dissolves.
Chromatin tightly coils up.
Homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids, come together in pairs in a process called synapsis.
During synapsis, chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments in a p