How many sets of genes are found in most adult organisms?
The diploid cells of most adult organisms contain two complete sets of inherited chromosomes and two complete sets of genes.
What two events occur for Mendel to be correct in his suspicion of locations of genes?
An organism with two parents must inherit a single copy of every gene from each parent. When that organism produces gametes, those two sets of genes must be separated so that each gamete contains just one set of genes.
Where do the two sets of homologous chromosomes come from?
Four of the chromosomes come from it's male parent and four of its chromosomes come from the female parent.
What is the symbol for diploid?
2n
What is the symbol for haploid?
N
What do the cross-sections of a chromatid contain?
Alleles
What happens prior to meiosis 1?
The cell undergoes a round of chromosome replication during interphase.
How are haploid gametes cells produced from diploid cells?
Meiosis
What happens by the end of meiosis 11?
Diploid cell becomes four haploid cells.
What does meiosis 1 result in?
2 haploid daughter cells
What happens due to each pair of homologous chromosomes being separated?
Neither daughter cell has the two complete sets of chromosomes that it would have in a diploid cell.
The two cells produced by meiosis 1 have sets of chromosomes and alleles that are..
Different from each other and from the diploid cell that entered meiosis 1.
What does not happen in the second division that happens in the first?
Neither cell goes through a round of chromosome replication before entering meiosis 11.
What is the female egg cell called after it is fertilized?
Zygote - undergoes cell division by mitosis and eventually forms new organism.
How is meiosis different from mitosis?
Replication and separation of genetic material, changes in chromosome number, and number of cell divisions.
Replication separation of genetic material?
In mitosis, when the two sets of genetic material separate, each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up and then move to separate daughter cells.
Changes in chromosome number?
Mitosis does not normally change the chromosome number of the original cell. This is not the case for meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half.
Number of cell division?
Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.
Gene mapping?
-1911 Columbia University student Alfred Sturtevant,
frequency of gene crossing over between genes
give a clue to the location of genes on chromosome.
-further apart= more likely to cross over
-Closer together= more rare
The second meiosis Division, meiosis 11, ...
Produces four haploid daughter cells.