Mitosis and Cell Cycle

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

prophase

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane dissolves, spindle fibers forms

metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

Phase of mitosis in which a nuclear membrane reforms around each new set of chromosomes.

cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

interphase

A period of time in between mitosis during which a cell grows and copies its DNA,
Cell spend most of its time in this phase.

centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

centriole

Cell organelle that aids in cell division by anchoring the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers also grow from this

spindle fibers

help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of micrtubules

chromatin

DNA and protein mix that is present in the cell during interphase. Eventually bundles into chromosomes

chromosome

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

chromatid

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

G1 Phase

Stage in interphase were the cell grows and develops

S phase

Phase in interphase where the DNA doubles to prepare for cell division

G2 Phase

Phase of interphase where the cell grows and develops after DNA has doubled

The phase that is the longest in the cell cycle

Interphase (in reference to time)

Fastest part of the cell cycle

Mitosis (in reference to time)

Diploid

Having the full number of chromosomes in the cell

Haploid

Having half the number of chromosomes in the cell

karyotype

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species

Number of chromosomes in a normal skin cell of a human

46