Mitosis
Nuclear division where duplicated chromosomes are split
Meiosis
Nuclear division where duplicated chromosomes are split into four daughter cells (daughter cells have 1/2 the number of chromosomes of the parent cell)
Cell Cycle
The time frame from when a cell goes from one cell division to the next
Binary Fission
Type of cell division in prokaryotes where the DNA is copied and 1 organism divides into 2
Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle following cell division and before mitosis
Gap 1
Where the cell is growing
Synthesis
When the DNA is copied
Gap 2
When the cell is preparing to divide
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
Chromatin
Less compact organization of DNA strands
Chromosome
A tightly-packed strand of DNA and its attached proteins
Sister Chromatid
Half of duplicated chromosome
Centromere
The region of the chromosome that links two sister chromatids
Cleavage
Division of the cytoplasm in animal cells
Cell Plate Formation
Division of the cytoplasm in plant cells
Gamete
Sex cell formed during meiosis (egg or sperm) used for sexual reproduction
Somatic Cell
Any living cell other than a reproductive cell
Spindle Apparatus
Cytoskeletal structure that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids when forming daughter cells
Centriole
Cylindrical organelle occurring in pairs from which spindle fibers are formed