What is the status of Europe heading into Exploration?
The Renaissance caused a spirit of this adventure&curiousity, that helped drive exploration.
What are the reasons for exploration? Which is the most important?
God, Glory, Gold (MI)
What enables Europeans to explore? Be specific.
Technologies such as the Caravel, Astrolade and compass.
What country was an early power in exploration? Who was a driving force behind exploration in that country?
Portugal. Prince Henry
What Portuguese explorers would help establish a sea trading route to Africa?
Dias and Da Gama
What type of goods were abundant in Southeast Asia? What was another name for this area?
Luxury goods (Spices and Silk); Spice islands
Under what dynasty did China become a powerful nation? How did this dynasty treat European traders?
Ming; They wanted them to pay tribute
TRading practices of China
Isolated
Please describe the change in trading policies in Japan, what caused these changes?
had more trade at first, but then would shut the door on trade. This led them to be isolated.
What is the Closed Country policy? What nations still traded?
Policy of Japanese by 1639 ordered by Tokugawa Shogun to stop trade. Dutch and China
What was Columbus' plan for finding a trading route for Spain?
Sailing West
What did Columbus find instead of Asia.
Carribbean Islands
How would Spain protect its colonies?
They connected with the locals
What economic system would Spain use in the New World? How did they interact with the natives?
The Spanish forced Native Americans to work within a system known as encomienda.
What area in the Americas was controlled by the French? The British? The Spanish?
Eastern Canada/ Midwest US; Virginia, Massachusetts (Jamestown and Plymouth); Florida/Southwest.
What area did the Dutch come to control? How did they lose it?
New Netherlands. England said it separated their north and south colonies, so the duke of york ousted (forced) them out.
What problem would countries like France and the Netherlands face with colonization?
Land claims and trading rights with native-american groups.
Describe the different European nation's relationships with Native Americans. What would come from these interactions?
Dutch (Netherlands) and French had decent relationships with Native Americans because of the fur trade. England would have much conflict with Native Americans, mainly due to their conflicting beliefs about land ownership.This would lead to battles between
When did slavery begin in the Americas?
1500s
Describe the history of slavery in Africa?
It had already been there before 1500, though the spread of Islam through Africa increased it greatly.
Why was there such a large demand for African labor?
Immune to diseases, experience, unknown landscape, skin color
What was the Atlantic Slave trade? Who would lead the way for slavery in the Americas?
The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas. The Spanish
Who would dominate the slave trade by 1690? What was happening to the slave population by this time?
England. It was increasing
How did the institution of slavery change in the Americas?
It was no longer prisoners of war, but now it was based on race
How did African rulers contribute to the slave trade?
Would wait on ports of Africa. Slaves would be captured.
What was the Triangular trade?
Where Africans would be transported to the Americas (transatlantic)
What is the Middle Passage? What were conditions like on the voyage to the Americas?
The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America. Horrific trip across Atlantic ocean.
Describe the harsh life faced by slaves when they reached the new world. How did slaves fight back?
Arrive > Get Auctioned > Worked in mines or fields >Worked long days with harsh beatings. Broke tools, uprooted plants, and working slowly
How did the slave trade affect both Africa and the Americas?
In Africa, numerous cultures lost generations of their fittest members their young and able to European traders and plantation owners. In addition, countless African families were torn apart. Many of them were never reunited. Also introduced guns.
What were some of the effects of the colonization of America?
colonization of the Americas: It prompted voluntary and forced migration. Many powerful societies were formed.
What was the Columbian Exchange? What were some of the goods that were exchanged?
The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.
What is capitalism? Who would this type of economic system benefit?
An economic system based on private ownership and investment in ownership. Merchants
What group of people would gain considerable wealth from overseas trade?
Merchants
What is inflation? Describe the factors that lead to inflation.
the steady rise in the price of goods. Inflation occurs when people have more money to spend and thus demand more goods and services.
What do colonies provide for their mother countries? (2 things)
Silver/Gold; Raw Materials
Ferdinand Magellan-
Claimed Phillipines in 1521 (Spain)
Hernando Cortes-
Voyaged to Mexico in 1519 (Spain)
Francisco Pizzaro-
Led a force into South America in 1532 (Spain)
Francisco Coronado-
Led an expedition across New Mexico, Texis, Oklahoma, and Kansas in 1540-1541 (Spain)
Vasco Da Gama
Explored east Africa in 1498 (Portugal)
Bartolomeu Dias
Captain who reached top of africas coast in 1488 (Port.)
Prince Henry
Founded Nav. School (Port.)
John Smith-
Established Jamestown 1607 (England)
Pilgrims
Established Pymouth in 1620 (Eng.)
Puritans
Formed Mass. Bay County in 1630 (Eng)
Jacques Cartier
Found St. Lawrence (Montreal) in 1534 (France)
Zheng He-
Led 7 voyages to Ming China in 1405 (China)
Henry Hudson-
Sailed to NEW YORK
Althualapa-
Incan ruler who was conquered by Pizzaro in 1533
Pope Alex VI
Treaty of Tordesillas for Portugal
Caused:
-Formation of colonies
-New trade routes
-Native peoples lose their land
New lands for European Countries
Caused
-Millions of Africans moved from homes
-History of abuse and oppression
-Labor of Africans built the Americas
Atlantic Slave Trade
Caused:
-Many new goods and products were introduced to both Europe and the America
Columbian Exchange
Caused:
-Mercantilism: Power depends on wealth
-Countries begin competing for land-tensions arise
-Colonies being exploited
Emergence of new economic policies
Caused:
-Economies are tied together; change in one is a change in all
Global economy emerges- Interdependence