Unit 1 Points, Lines, Planes (Basics of Geometry)

Point

an undefined term that has has no dimension.

Line

an undefined term; it extends in one dimension.

Plane

an undefined term; it extends in two dimensions.

Collinear points

Points that lie on the same line

Coplanar points

Points that lie on the same plane

line segment

part of a line with two endpoints

ray

a part of a line that begins at a point and continues without end in one direction

initial point

the endpoint of a ray

opposite rays

two rays are opposite to each other iff they have the same endpoint and they are collinear

postulate

a rule that is accepted without proof

ruler postulate

The points on a line can be matched one to one with real numbers. The real number that corresponds to a point is the coordinate of the point. The distance between points A and B, written as AB, is the absolute value of the difference between the coordinat

segment addition postulate

If B is between A and C, then AB+BC=AC

distance formula

d = ?[( x? - x?)� + (y? - y?)�]

congruent segments

Segments that have the same length

angle

consists of two different rays that have the same initial point

vertex

The common endpoint of an angle

angle addition postulate

If P is in the interior of <RST, then m<RSP + m<PST = m<RST

acute angle

an angle less than 90 degrees but more than 0 degrees

right angle

an angle that measures 90 degrees

obtuse angle

An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees

straight angle

an angle that measures 180 degrees

reflex angle

an angle that is more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees

adjacent angles

are a pair of angles with a common vertex and a common side, but no common interior points

midpoint

a point that divides a segment into two congruent segments

bisects

divides into two congruent parts

segment bisector

a segment, ray, line, or plane that intersects a segment at its midpoint

midpoint formula

[(x1+x2)/2, (y1+y2)/2] or the average of the x-coordinates and the average of y-coordinates of a line segment

angle bisector

a ray that divides an angle into two congruent angles

vertical angles

two angles whose sides form two pairs of opposite rays

linear pair

two adjacent angles whose noncommon sides are opposite rays

complementary angles

two angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees

supplementary angles

two angles whose measures have a sum of 180 degrees