what are the 3 primary colors?
red, blue and yellow`
what is the law of color?
states that, out of all the colors in the universe, only three- yellow, red and blue, called primary colors-are pure
a varying mixture of red and yellow creates what color?
orange
what colors are produced by mixing two primary colors in varying porportions?
secondary
when two out of three primary colors are mixed in varying proportions, they produce what three secondary colors?
orange, green and violet
varying proportions of blue and yellow creates?
green
how are tertiary colors made?
by mixing primary colors with their neighboring secondary color in varying proportions
an example of tertiary color would be?
yellow-orange
how are the colors browns and grays made?
by mixing primary, secondary and tertiary colors in equal or unequal proportions
the tone of a hair color can be described as what?
warm, cool and neutral
colors can be classified as either what?
warm colors or cool colors
warm colors generally fall into what?
the yellow, orange and red half of the color wheel
cool colors generally fall into what?
blues, greens and violets
colors found opposite each other on the color wheel are called?
complementary colors
an application of what colors would help rid a client of unwanted orange tones?
blue-based
mixing colors found opposite one another on the color wheel produces what?
a neutral color, such as dark gray or brown depending on the proprtions used
every color has a degree of lightness or darkness, which is often described as?
level
in hair color, these levels of lightness and darkness are identified on a scale of what?
1 to 10, with 1 being the darkest and 10 the lightest
of the three pure primary pigments which is darkest, lightest and medium?
blue is the darkest, yellow is the lightest and red is considered medium
the brightness or vividness of a hair color is referred to as?
intensity
a small population of eumelanin will produce?
black hair
a predominant amount of pheomelanin will produce?
red hair
which hair texture may tend to process slightly lighter than the intended level?
coarse
when changing the color of the hair, the colorist should keep in mind that the final hair color is a comination of what?
meanin (existing pigment) and the new hair color (artificial pigment) applied to the hair
what are nonoxidative colors?
temporary and semi-permanent
what are oxidative colors?
long lasting semi-permanent (demi-permanent), permanent, toners and fillers
what are lighteners?
on-the-scalp and off-the-scalp
what are other color products?
vegetable, metallic, and compound dyes
what are temporary colors?
used to create temporary color changes that last from shampoo to shampoo
what does temporary colors contain?
large color molecules that coat only the surface of the cuticle, thereby creating a physical change to the hair
oxidative colors are mixed with a developer to create what?
a chemical change that has a longer lasting effect
what are long lasting semi-permanent (demi-permanent)?
long lasting semi-permanent color somtimes known as demi-permanent, deposit only or oxidative without ammonia, use a low volume peroxide to develop the color molecules and aid in the color processing
what are permanent colors mixed with?
hydrogen peroxide and are capable of both lifting natural pigment and depositing artificial pigment in one process
what are toners?
light pastel colors used to tone prelightened hair. they are also used to deposit color and neutralize unwanted pigment remaining after prelightening
what does fillers provide?
an even base color by filling in porous, damaged or abused areas with materials such as protein or polymers. they equalize the porosity of the hair and deposit a base color in one application
what are the two types of fillers?
conditioning and color
what are the two categories of lighteners?
on-the-scalp and off-the-scalp
a base application is used for what?
retouch
all permanent aniline derivative tints require what?
a predisposition (skin patch) test 24-48 hours prior to the hair color service
when lightening your client;s hair for the first time, the color is applied where?
from the midstrand out to the porous ends first
the application of oxidative color for lighter results should n not exceed?
15 minutes
depending on the contrast between lightened and natural hair, some clients will need to reschedule retouches every?
3-6 weeks
what is a double-process technique?
is a two-step process that involves lightening the hair first and then recolorizing the hair to the desired tone
products knows as color removers and dye solvents are designed to remove what?
artificial pigment
retouch is not required for what?
semi-permanent
hair color products that are mixed with a developer are called?
oxidative color
long-lasting semi-permanent colors will generally last?
4 to 6 weeks
permanent hair colors are sometimes called?
oxidative tints with ammonia
paraphenlenediamine or paratoluenediamine would be found in what?
permanent hair colors
what may be required if the desired amount of lift is not achieved using a single-process color?
prelightening
on-the-scalp lighteners have a pH of what?
about 9.0
off-the-scalp lighteners are generally used for?
special effects such as painting
what item is the most commonly used developer or oxidizing agent?
hydrogen peroxide
what instrument is used to measure the strength of hydrogen peroxide?
hydrometer
an organic product that produces reddish highlights is commonly known as?
henna