Vitruvian man
is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci around 1490.[1] It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius. The drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a man in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and inscribe
Fresco Secco
is a fresco painting technique in which pigments ground in water are tempered using egg yolk or whole egg mixed with water which are applied to plaster that has been moistened (using this temper) to simulate fresh plaster.
Buon Fresco
Italian for true fresco, is a fresco painting technique � in which alkaline resistant pigments, ground in water, are applied to wet plaster.
It is distinguished from the fresco-secco (or a secco) and finto fresco techniques, in which paints are applied to
The great schism
in 1305, the college of Cardinals elected a French pope, which made conflict with Italians forcing them to elect two popes, this went on for 40 years until resolved
atmospheric perspective
dark to light or light to dark
Linear/scientific perspective
in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye. The two most characteristic features of perspective are that objects are smaller as their distance from the observer increases
iconography
the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic styl
iconology
the study of visual imagery and its symbolism and interpretation, especially in social or political terms.
Giorgio Vasari
Giorgio Vasari (30 July 1511 - 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter, architect, writer and historian, most famous today for his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writin
Giotto Di Bondone
(c. 1267-January 8, 1337), better known simply as Giotto, was an Italian painter and architect from Florence. He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to the Italian Renaissance.
Donatello
known for black statue of David & Goliath. c. 1386 - December 13, 1466), better known as Donatello, was an early Renaissance sculptor from Florence. He is, in part, known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture that, in Donatello's
Contrapposto
Contrapposto is an Italian term that means counterpose. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.
Renaissance Humanism
a literary movement that began in Italy during the fourteenth century. Humanism was a distinct movement because it broke from the medieval tradition of having pious religious motivation for creating art or works of literature. Humanist writers were concer
orthogonal
of or involving right angles; at right angles.
vanishing point
a vanishing point is a point in the picture plane ? that is the intersection of the projections (or drawings) of a set of parallel lines in space on to the picture plane.
Pieta
The Piet� (1498-1499) by Michelangelo is a subject in Christian art depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus, most often found in sculpture
sfumato
one of the four canonical painting modes of the Renaissance .[1] Sfumato comes from the Italian "sfumare", "to tone down" or "to evaporate like smoke".
The most prominent practitioner of sfumato was Leonardo da Vinci, and his famous painting of the Mona L
Chiaroscuro
he use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimen
Karl van Mander
(Meulebeke, May 1548 - Amsterdam, 2 September 1606) was a Flemish painter, poet, art historian and art theoretician, who established himself in the Dutch Republic in the latter part of his life. He is mainly remembered as a biographer of Early Netherlandi
Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci. 15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest
Michelangelo
(6 March 1475 - 18 February 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo (Italian pronunciation: [mike?land?elo]), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of
Hieronymous Bosch
Hieronymus Bosch, born Jheronimus van Aken c. 1450 - 9 August 1516) was an Early Netherlandish painter. His work is known for its use of fantastic imagery to illustrate moral and religious concepts and narratives. Famous for triptychs like The Garden of E
Polykleitos
Famous for Doryphorus, an ancient Greek sculptor in bronze of the fifth century BCE. Alongside the Athenian sculptors Pheidias, Myron and Praxiteles, he is considered one of the most important sculptors of Classical antiquity:
The canon
the body of rules, principles, or standards accepted as axiomatic and universally binding in a field of study or art:
Cosimo de' Medici
was the first of the Medici political dynasty, de facto rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance; also known as "Cosimo 'the Elder'". osimo de' Medici used his vast fortune of an estimated 150 000 gold florins (almost 30 million USD or 22
La Giocanda (Mona Lisa)
The Mona Lisa (Monna Lisa or La Gioconda in Italian; La Joconde in French) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung a
Sandro Boticelli
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, known as Sandro Botticelli c. 1445[1] - May 17, 1510), was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He belonged to the Florentine School under the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici, a movement that Giorgio Vasari
The last supper
The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. It is one of the world's most famous paintings, and one of the most stud
Mannerism
Mannerism is a period of European art that emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it, but Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th cent
Parmagianino
famous for Girl in a convex mirror, Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (also known as Francesco Mazzola or, more commonly, as Parmigianino ("the little one from Parma"); 11 January 1503 - 24 August 1540) was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker activ
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II, who was pope from 1503-1513, commissioned a series of highly influential art and architecture projects in Rome. The painting of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo and various stanze in the Vatican by Raphael are considered a
Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III (Latin: Paulus III; 29 February 1468 - 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549.
Was pope when Michelangelo finished The Last Judgement, but was commissioned by his predecessor
He came to
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent) and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been d
Martin Luther
10 November 1483 - 18 February 1546) was a German friar, Catholic priest, professor of theology and seminal figure of the 16th-century movement in Christianity known later as the Protestant Reformation.[2] Initially an Augustinian friar, Luther came to re
Counter Reformation
The Counter-Reformation (also the Catholic Revival[1] or Catholic Reformation) was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648), and was initiated in response to the
Giorgione
Giorgione (Italian: [d?or?d?one]; born Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco; c. 1477/8-1510[2]) known for Sleeping Venus (1510) was an Italian painter of the High Renaissance in Venice, whose career was cut off by his death at a little over 30. Giorgione is
titian
Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1488/1490[1] - 27 August 1576[2]), known in English as Titian (/?t???n/), was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno (in Venet
Sofonisba Anguissola
(c. 1532 - 16 November 1625) was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona. She received a well-rounded education, that included the fine arts, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. As
Jan Van Eyck
before c. 1390 - before c. 9 July 1441) was an Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges and one of the most significant Northern Renaissance artists of the 15th century. known for Portrait of a man in a turban (1433) Outside of the Ghent Altarpiece co
Giovanni Arnolfini
c. 1400 - after 1452) was a merchant from Lucca, a city in Tuscany, Italy, who spent most of his life in Flanders, then part of the Duchy of Burgundy. out of a number of male Arnolfinis, to have been the subject of two portraits by Jan van Eyck, the famou
Flanders
Flanders delivered the leading painters in Northern Europe and attracted many promising young painters from neighbouring countries. These painters were invited to work at foreign courts and had a Europe-wide influence. Hans Memling specializes in portrait
Bruges
made capital of the Duke of Burgundy's territory when succeeding flanders in wealth.
Albrecht Durer
Albrecht D�rer (/?d??r?r, ?dj??r-/;[1] German: [?alb??�t ?dy???]; 21 May 1471 - 6 April 1528)[2] was a German painter, engraver, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist from Nuremberg. His high-quality woodcuts (nowadays often called Meisterstiche or "mas