Greek Rationalism
The thinking and questioning of established ideas that relied not on the gods for reference, claiming that human reason was adequate enough to come up with a rational answer
Greek Humanism
fascination with human condition, and adulation of the nude human form
Post and Lintel
a structure consisting of vertical beams (posts) supporting a horizontal beam (lintel)
Colonnade
A series or row of columns, usually spanned by lintels
Gable Roof
a pitched roof with two sloped sides
Pediment
In Classical architecture, the triangular section of a temple roof often decorated with sculpture.
Frieze
Any decorative band at the top or beneath the cornice of an interior wall, a piece of furniture, etc.
Naturalism
Images realistic
Canon of Proportions greek
Theoretical work by Polykleitos. that discusses ideal mathematical proportions for the parts of the human body and proposes for sculpture of the human figure a dynamic counterbalance�between the relaxed and tensed body parts and between the directions in
Contrapposto
Human posture in which the shoulders and head are turned one way and the hips and legs another; weight off the body is put on one foot, creating a feeling of tension on one side of the body and relaxation on the other "S" curve
Opus caementicum
cement mixed with rubble- they would use to to make arches (instead of stone); concrete
Pozzuoli volcanic ash
Used in Roman concrete
Mosaic
Art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
Byzantine Mosaic
-illogical perspective (incorrect foot placement, recession, modulation of light)
- objects push out towards viewer (reverse perspective)
- "cardboard"-like draperies & stiff lines
weightless figures (no modeling, shading, three-dimensionality)
-figures c
Celtic Art
influenced by classical art (Greek & Roman)
later absorbed the Viking animal style
seen for example in illuminated manuscripts
Animal Style
a medieval art form in which animals are depicted in a stylized and often complicated pattern usually seen fighting with one another.
Valhalla
Hall in Asgard where heroic people who deceased went, hall of the gods.
Gripping Beasts
not naturalistic at al, figures that loop around one another and grab either the figure next to them or themselves, intricate decoration Ex: Oseberg Ship
Roman systems of architecture
featured round arches & masonry vaults used thick load-bearing walls (hence "more walls than windows")
Romanesque basilica
tall nave with round arches
side aisles for circumlocution
transept with crossing
apse to house altar and relics
steeples (towers)
west work (entrance facade)
belfry (bell tower)
West work
In a Carolingian or Romanesque church, the tower-like west end presenting a facade at the entrance and often containing an entrance vestibule.
Gothic Skeletal Support System
pointed arch (Islamic)
ribbed groin vault
flying buttresses
walls like curtains of glass
"more windows than walls
Pointed Arch
An arch with a pointed crown, characteristic of Gothic architecture.
Ribbed Groin Vault
ribs added for structural support and decoration. allowed creations to be built up higher
the intersection of 2 or 3 barrel vaults with lined edges
Flying Buttress
A free-standing support attached to the main vessel (nave, choir, or transept wall) by an arch or half-arch which transmits the thrust of the vault to the support attached tot he outer wall of the aisle.
Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
Experimented with cast iron and glass fused with masonry structure to support buildings' functions
Rayonnant (radiating) bar tracery
radiating", characterization by a dissolution of wall space with great sheets of stained glass, thing groups of column shafts, SAINT-CHAPELLE
Rose Window
a circular window with stained glass and stone tracery used on the facades and the ends of the transepts in Gothic cathedrals
Flamboyant Gothic aesthetic
Style of architecture . The name means "flame like.
Gothic s-curve
the S-curve, or the curving savvy of the figure, emphasized by the blade like sweeps of drapery that converge