In relief printing, what part of the block prints black (assuming the ink is black)?
-the raised areas hold ink; you carve away whatever you want white.
Where did printing begin?
China
When did printing start?
-9th century BCE
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using linoleum over wood for a relief print?
-advantages: much softer than wood easier to cut -has no grain possible to make cuts in any direction with equal ease
-disadvantages: softness limits number of crisp impressions that can be produced; block wears down more quickly during printing
If a printmaker wants to include text in his woodblock print, why must he cut it "backwards"?
-all relief processes work according to the general principle that when you press the words, they will print right side out-a mirror image
Where was paper invented?
China
When was paper invented?
2nd century BCE
What IS paper?
-paper is made from plant fibers, beaten to a pulp, mixed with water, then spread in a thin layer over a fine mesh surface and left to dry. Then sized: treated w substance such as starch or glue to make less absorbent
-derived from Latin word papyrus (rom
In the fractional number at the bottom left of a limited edition print, what does the top number indicate? The bottom number?
-the bottom number= the edition: the declared limit to the number of the impressions that will be made
-the top number= number of the impression within that edition
-Example: a print numbered 10/100 is the tenth impression of a limited edition of 100
What's the difference between an "original print" and a reproduction (copy)?
-two broadly agreed-upon principles adopted to distinguish original artists' prints from commercial reproductions:
1. artist performs/oversees the printing process and examines each impression for quality; artist signs each impression he/she approves; rej
key block
the 1st block; the black lines
impression
the individual printed image left behind
matrix
a surface on which a design is prepared before being transferred through pressure to a receiving surface such as paper
edition
a declared limit to the number of impressions that will be made
registration
the precise alignment of impressions made by two or more printing blocks or plates on the same sheet of paper, as when printing an image of several colors.
What is the source for Durer's Four Horsemen?
St. Johns visions
What is a sutra?
a sacred text
What does Ukiyo mean? Ukiyo-e?
-Ukiyo= "floating world" - Ukiyo-e= "'floating world' 'art'
How can you tell how many blocks were used in a particular Ukiyoe print?
-by how many colors there are in that work
When were most Ukiyo-e prints produced?
17th-19th centuries
With what country is Ukiyoe associated?
Japan
What was the earlier name of the modern capitol of Japan?
Edo= modern day Tokyo
What was the "Salon," and why was it important to 19th century European painters?
-was the state-sponsored exhibition of paintings -acceptance was the mark of an artist's success
-artists would submit their work for consideration by an official jury
In what ways does Ingres represent Academic ideals?
-nothing spontaneous in these paintings; everything's precise
According to your book, what were the goals of the formal European Academies?
-teach "correct" art -this is the way you have to make your art
What subject matter did the Academies deem most important? Least important?
-the human form= most important ; landscapes= least important
When an Impressionist uses "broken color," what does that mean? Alla prima? impasto?
-paint applied in short, thick strokes, usually in sketch-like form; essence of subject captured rather than precise details
-alla prima= "all in one go"
-impasto= thick application of paint; Italian for "paste
How did the Impressionists break with Academic traditions? (This includes what they painted, where they painted and how they painted).
-1863-salon jury rejected so many of submitted works caused uproar among the spurned artists and supporters second official exhibition mounted "Salon des Refuses"
-subjects= everyday life things; freq. depicted modern urban scenes-Paris -when painting lan
What distinguishes pastels from chalk?
-pastels-oil based -chalk is chalk
When describing the formal elements of a work, what does "value" mean?
-varying degrees of light and dark; the lighter=higher value; the darker=lower value
For two-dimensional art, what does "modeling" mean?
-simulating the effects of light and shadow to portray optically convincing masses
What are the primary colors? The secondary colors?
-primary= red, yellow, and blue -secondary= violet, orange, and green
What is meant by hue/tint/shade/and intensity or saturation?
-hue: name of the color
-tint: the result of adding white to a color
-shade: the result of adding black to a color
-intensity/saturation: the purity of the color
What aspect of color does saturation describe?
-its value how light/how dark
Which hue has the highest value? The lowest?
-yellow has highest value and blue violet has the lowest value
Are black and white colors? Why or why not?
-No, white= absence of color and black= all pigments mixed together
By what characteristics could you identify Kathe Kollwitz's mature works? Why is she considered an Expressionist?
-her medium is black and white, works are dark (due to time period she lived through)
-Expressionist bc she wanted to convey her emotions through her artwork
Chiaroscuro
the technique of using values to record light and shadow, esp. as they provide info about three dim. form
Hatching
closely spaced parallel lines that mix optically to suggest values; linear technique for modeling forms
cross-hatching
layers of hatching superimposed to achieve darker values; with each new layer set at angle to the ones beneath
stippling
pattern of closely spaced dots or small marks used to create a sense of three-dim. on flat surface
grisaille
painting executed entirely in gray scale values, often as foundation for colored glazes
What is meant by limited or restricted palettes?
-limited options for color
What's the difference between a monochromatic and analogous color scheme?
-Monochromatic- one color -Analogous- 2 colors- eliminating one primary color- controlling the color and making it unified
Explain simultaneous contrast.
-color is influenced what it looks like by what color it's next to
What colors can be described as "warm"?
reds, oranges, and yellows
What colors can be described as "cool"?
-blues, greens, purples
What is meant by "Expressionism" and which of the artists we discuss can be described as "Expressionist"?
-wants to express emotion; when person looks at work they will understand and feel the emotion; trying to express feeling through work
What's the difference between Impressionism and Expressionism?
-Impressionism: broken color; final product=a quick glance- an impression; must look at from distance