What 3 main sources were the Greeks known for?
1. Monuments
2. Roman Copies
3. Literary Sources
What did Greece SHARE?
Their heritage (Hellen), language, beliefs, and enemies.
How was Greece divided?
Geographically, and city state rivalry (Sparta & Athens).
-Ruled by kings.
-Served by Serfs.
-Compulsory military service.
Sparta
-Birthplace of democratic thought.
-Citizen infantry
-The Areopagus
-594 BCE slavery made illegal, creation
of popular assembly.
Athens
-Formative phase of Greek Civilization
-Olympic Games (776 BCE)
-Oldest "Greek" fine-art: ______ style
-Filled space with pattern.
-Simple-not a lot of detail
Geometric Period
-From the Prehistoric Agean Period.
-Cycladic
-Keros
-Marble
Lyre Player
Helladic
The prehistoric art of the Greek mainland.
Cycladic
The prehistoric art of the Aegean islands around Delos, excluding Crete.
Minoan
The prehistoric art of Crete, named after the legendary King Minos of Knossos.
Linear A and B
linear forms of writing used by certain Aegean civilizations during the 2nd millennium bc.
Cella
The chamber at the center of an ancient temple. Also called "Naos".
Kore/ Kouros
a Greek statue of a clothed maiden/ a Greek statue of a male youth who may have been a god or an athlete
Stylobate
The base of a Greek temple, different from the base of a column.
Frieze
A continuous band of painted or sculptured decoration. In a Classical building, the part of the netablature between the architrave and the cornice.
Metope
The panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief.
Pediment
In Classical architecture, the triangular section of a temple roof often decorated with sculpture.
Entablature
In Classical architecture, the part of a building above the columns and below the roof. This part of a Classical temple includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Caryatids
a female figure that functions as a supporting column
Exekias
Master painter of the Black-on-Red vase painting. Noted works were Dionysius in a Boat, Achilles and Ajax Playing a Game, and the Suicide of Ajax.
Euthymides
An Athenian potter and vase painter. He was the other person responsible for Red-figure pottery. Painted human movement and perspective; Three Revelers
Andokides Painter
Anonymous Painter responsible for the birth of red figure. Copy of Exekias's vase of Achilles and Ajax, but without as much intensity. Amphora on the left know as bilingual vases. These were only produced for a short time.
Red Figure
a style and technique of ancient Greek vase painting characterized by red clay-colored figures on a black background; the figures are reversed against a painted grown and the details are drawn, not engraved
Black Figure
a style or technique of ancient Greek pottery in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground
white ground
a type of ancient Greek pottery in which the background color of the object is painted with a slip that turns white in the firing process; figures and details were added by painting on or incising into this slip; were popular in the Classical period as fu
Myron
Greek, one of history's greatest sculptors who lived in the golden age. sculpted the famous figure the Discus Thrower
Polykleitos
High Classical Sculptor; devised mathematical formula for representing the perfect male body; famous work=Doryphoros (bronze statue of young man holding spear)
Pantheon
A building built in Rome during the reign of Augustus as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome
Acropolis
A large hill in ancient Greece where city residents sought shelter and safety in times of war and met to discuss community affairs
Pericles
Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis, and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that led to the Peloponnesian War. He
Phidias
Athenian sculptor who supervise the building of the Parthenon. built a statue of zeus at olympia was one of the seven wonders of the world
Praxiteles
Ancient Greek sculptor (circa 370-330 BC), a sculptor who lived after Phidias who sculpted figures that were more lifelike and natural in form and size.
Lysippos
One of the great Late Classical sculptors; works included weary Herkales and Apoxymenos, attributed works that were "engaging" and meant to be looked at in multiple view points
terracotta
Hard-baked clay, used for sculpture and as a building material. It may be glazed or painted; Sarcophagus with reclining people.
Barrel Vault
A vault that is a continuous rounded arch
Groin Vault
a vault formed when two barrel vaults meet at right angles
Veristic
Realistic; true to natural appearance.
Domus
A Roman private house
Atrium
the central reception room of a Roman Domus that is partially open to the sky.
Julius Caeser
A military commander who became Dictator
Tetrarchy
Emperor Diocletian's division of the Roman Empire into four seperate administrative districts
Encaustic
A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot.