Buddha
Started Buddhism
Buddhism
A religious belief based on the teachings of Guatama Buddha, who held that suffering is a part of life but that mental and moral self-purification can bring about a state of illumination, carrying the believer beyond suffering and material existence.
Meditation
The act of focusing thoughts on a single object or idea.
Stupa
A small, round burial shrine erected over a grave site to hold relics of the Buddha.
Bodhisattva
Buddha-to-be
Scroll
A long roll of illustrated parchment or silk.
Porcelain
A fine-grained, high-quality form of china made primarily from a white clay known as kaolin.
Pagoda
a tower-shaped structure with several stories and roofs
Woodblock Printing
a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood
Brahman, Vishnu, Shiva
three main Hindu deities
mohenjo daro
Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system.
Four noble truths
as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism
Water and Moon Guanyin
Bodhisattva
Watching Geese
Wang
Twin Pines and Level Distance
Chao Meng-Fu
Confucius
Chinese philosopher
Ming Dynasty
the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644
Great Buddha
Kamakura
A Woman Dancer
Torii Kiyonobo
Gril Admiring Plum Blossoms at Night
Suzuki Harunobu
The Great Wave at Kanagawa
Katsushika Hokusai
Sarnath, India
250 BCE
Lion capital of column erected by Ashoka
Sanchi, India
200 BCE
Great Stupa
Sanchi, India (Great Stupa)
500 BCE
Yakshi from eastern gate of Great Stupa
Karle, India
100 CE
Chaitya Hall
Gandhara, Pakistan
100 CE
Meditating Buddha
Sarnath, India
400 CE
Seated Buddha preaching first sermon
Ajanta, India (wall)
400 CE
Bodhisattva Padmapani
Java, Indonesia
800 CE
Borobudar
Gal Vihara, Sri Lanka
1000 CE
Death of the Buddha
Khajuraho, India
1000 CE
Vishvanatha Temple
Punji, India
1000 CE
Shiva as Natareja
Angkor, Cambodia
1100 CE
Angkor Wat
Anyang, China (Shang Dynasty)
1100 BCE
bronze
Guang
Jincun, China (Eastern Zhou Dynasty)
300 BCE
nephrite
Bi disk with dragons
Lingtong, China (Qin Dynasty)
210 BCE
Army of the First Emperor of Qin
Longmen Caves, Luoyand China (Tang Dynasty)
675 CE
Vairocana Buddha, disciples, and bodhissattvas
Northern Song Period
Fan Kuan
1000 CE
Travelers among Mountains and Streams
Xiuwi, China (Northern Song Period)
1100 CE
stoneware
Meiping Vase
Sokkuram, Korea, Great Silla
Unified Silla Kingdom
700 CE
Shakyamuni Buddha
Koryo Period
900 CE
Maebyoung vase
Myanomae, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
2500 BCE
Vessel
Gumma Prefacture, Japan (Kofun Period)
400 CE
Haniwa warrior figure
Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan
1993
Main hall of Ise shrine
Byodoin, Uji, Japan (Heian Period)
1053 CE
Phoenix Hall
Kamakura Period
1200 CE
Burning of the Sanjo Palace
Lion Capital
c. 250 BCE
Maurya Period
-originally crowned the pillar erected at Sarnath, the site of the Buddha's first sermon
-the lower portion depicts the turned down petals of a lotus flower, symbolizing the presence of divine purity in an imperfect w
The Great Stupa at Sanchi
3rd century BCE - 50 BCE
Maurya Period
-Originally built by King Ashoka in the Maurya Period, and was part of a large monastery complex crowning a hill.
-Comprises of a square base (earth), a hemispherical dome (waters), a conica
East Torana
The Great Stupa at Sanchi
c. 50 BCE
Andhra Period
-Toranas face the four cardinal directions at each gateway of the Stupa, symbolizing the Buddhist cosmos
-Square posts on the toranas depict scenes that illustrate stories of the Buddha's life
Yakshi Bracket Figure
The Great Stupa at Sanchi
mid?1st century BCE
Andhra Period
-Respresents the personification of waters as well as the sap of the tree (in this depiction), distinguishing her as the source of life
-Her swelling, arching curves evoke h
Chaitya Hall at Karla
c. 1st century BCE - 1st century CE
Andhra Period
-the largest and most fully developed of early Buddhist works, carved from living rock
-flanking the entrance are sculpted panels of mithuna couples - amorous male and female figures
Standing Buddha
c. 2nd - 3rd century CE
Gandharan School
Kushan and Later Andhra Periods
-made of schist, a fine-grained stone
-combines elements of Hellenistic, Persion, and regional styles; Greek influence in India under Alexander's reign may have influ
Buddha and Attendants
c. late 1st - early 2nd century CE
Mathuran School
Kushan and Later Andhra Periods
-The Buddha carved in this style borrows from regional representations of the yaksha
-tight, transparent drapery suggests nudity, coupled with incised
Siddhartha in the Palace
c. 3rd century CE
Amaravati School
Kushan and Later Andhra Periods
-depicts the Buddha as Prince Siddhartha, before his renunciation of his status and quest for enlightenment
-He is shown as the only male figure by a pool of water
Standing Buddha
474 CE
Sarnath School
Gupta Period
-Carved from fine-grained sandstone, the Buddha's body is clearly visible through the clinging drapery with no folds, emphasizing the human form
-He is carved with broad shoulders and a thin waist, with a
Vishnu Temple at Deogarh
c. 530 CE
Post Gupta Period
-Much of the shikhara in the temple has crumbled away; however, we still get the impression of a massive structure resembling a mountain, one of several metaphoric meanings in a Hindu temple
-Contains o
Doorway
Visnu Temple at Deogarh
c. 530 CE
Post Gupta Period
-The entrance is of utmost importance because it is considered a purifying threshold, transporting the worshiper from the mundane world into the sacred
-Two river goddesses placed on each upper c
Vishnu Narayana on the Cosmic Waters
Vishnu Temple at Deogarh
c. 530 CE
Post Gupta Period
-Relief represents the 2nd stage of the Vishnu's emanation, as he sleeps over the Cosmic Waters on a serpent that represents the notion of the universe/infinity
-A l
Cave?temple of Shiva at Elephanta
mid?6th century CE
Post Gupta Period
-While most temples offer only one entrance, this temple has three; its complex layout and conception reflect the complicated nature of Shiva
-similar to the Shore temple in that it wa
Shiva Nataraja
12th century CE
Chola Dynasty
- Dancing Shiva commissioned by the patronage of the South Indian Chola Dynasty
-Commissioned during the bhakti movement, which emphasized the importance of an intimate relationship with a lordly god, fueled by
?Eternal Shiva
Cave-temple of Shiva at Elephanta
mid-6th century CE
Post Gupta Period
-focus of the north-south axis of the Shiva Elephanta temple, with 3 facades of Shiva carved into the rock (5 are implied)
-representative of the 5-fold characteristics
Dharmaraja Ratha at Mamallapuram
mid-7th century CE
Pallava Period
-Epitomizes the early southern-style temple, yet uses the same symbolism to link the heavens and the earth as the northern temple and is also based on a mandala
-The temple remains unfinis
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho
c. 1000 CE
Chandella Dynasty
-dedicated to Shiva at Khajuraho,the capital and main temple site, commissioned most likely by the ruler of the Chandella Dynasty during a time of flourishing dynasties and innovations in
Rajarajeshvara Temple to Shiva at Thanjavur
1003-1010 CE
Chola Dynasty
-Commissioned by Rajaraja I during the peak of the Chola dynasty in commemoration of his victories in battle
-Clarity of design, formal balancing of parts, and elaborate decor represen
Terracotta Soldiers
c. 210
Qin Dynasty
-Excavated in 1974, the Terracotta Soldiers were originally polychrome painted, and consist of 8,000 soldiers, 100 chariots, 400 horses, and 300 cavalry
-Commissioned for the funerary complex of Shi Huang, the Qin Dy
Travelers Among Mountains and Streams
Early 11th century CE
Fan Kuan
Northern Song Dynasty
-Commissioned during the Northern Song Dynasty, in which Buddhism remained popular and song philosophers tried to restore Confucianism to it's previous popular posi
Colossal Buddha
Stone; 175 feet; Bamiyan, Afghanistan; 4th-5th century CE
Cremation of the Buddha
Fresco; Xinjiang, China; 6th century CE
Buddhist Memorial Stela
Limestone; 7 feet; Six Dynasties Period; 554 CE
Horyu-ji (Golden Hall, pagoda, gate)
Asuka Period; Japan; 7th century CE
Altar
Painted and gilded clay sculptures; dry fresco; Dunhuang, China; Tang Dynasty; 8th century CE; colorplate 12
Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)
Copper; Chola Period; India; 11th century CE
The First Sermon
Chunar sandstone; Gupta Period; Late 5th century CE
Interior of Chaitya Hall
Cave 26; Ajanta, India; Gupta Period; Late 5th century CE
Nagaraja and His Queen
Exterior niche; Cave 19; Late 5th century CE
Mahakala with Companions
Thangka; Ink, color and gold on cotton; Tibet; 1450 CE
Pattini Devi
Gilded copper; 57 inches high; Eastern Sri Lanka; 7th-10th century CE; located at the British Museum
Four-Armed Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Infinite Compassion
Thailand (but Cambodian style); 8th century CE; Bronze with high tin content, silver and black-glass or obsidian inlay in eyes; Typical of bronzes found at Prakhon Chai
Borobudur Temple
Java; 9th century CE; Four stairways; Terraced; Mahayan style; highly ornamental
The Pandava (Five) Rathas
Mahamallapuram; Tamil Nadu, India; Early 7th century CE; Pinkish granite monoliths; Captures the development of southern Indian temple architecture
The Descent of the Ganges
Granite; Mahamallapuram; Tamil Nadu, India; 7th-8th century CE; 96 inches long by 43 inches high
Brihadeshvara Temple or "Big Temple
Patron: Raja Raja the Great; Thanjavur, India; 1010 CE; Also called RajaRajeswara Temple and Rajarajeswaram
Krishna Dancing on the Serpent Kaliya
Bronze; 34.5 inches high; Tamil Nadu, India; 11th century CE
Krishna Govardhana
Gray limestone; 8 feet high; 6th century CE; Phnom Da, Cambodia; related to the Gupta influence in imagery of the 5th and 6th century CE
Angkor Wat
Patron: Suryavarman II; Cambodia; 12th century CE; Capital of the Khmer Empire; was the state temple; eventually dedicated to Vishnu; largest Hindu complex; largest religious monument in the world
Goa Gadjah (Elephant's Cave)
Javanese; Bali; 11th century CE