Stupa
Round burial mounds made by Mauryans that represent Buddhist stuff and Buddha
Harmika
Small railed balcony atop Buddhist structures
Live Rock
Hillsides that Indian dwellings were carved into
Gopura
Massive towered gateways produced by that Pallavas
Pictograph
Earliest stylized and simplified Chinese writing, considered a form of art
Oracle Bone
What early Chinese writing is found on
Calligraphy
Form of writing with rhythm that evolved from the pictograph
Sprigging
Attaching preformed clay sculptural decorations onto pottery
Haniwa
Pedistaled clay bowls with human or animal form found in burial sites
Sumie
Chinese ink style
Ukiyoe
The art of the floating world" genre painting style with polychrome woodcut
Wat
Temples that Khmer rulers constructed to perpetuate their divine image
Chedis
Spirelike forms on top of Thai roofs
Batik
Fabrics made with wax-stensil dying processes
Totem
Animal or natural object that symbolizes a clan or family
Arabesques
Swirling designs used to ornament objects
Mosque
Temple
Qibla
Small prayer niche
Minaret
Prayer tower attached to the mosque, opposite the qibla
Madrasah
Teaching mosque that was open to the sky
Cruciform
Cross shape, usually floor plan
Cult Figures
Full body images that showed religious devotion, usually kept in homes and shrines
Fetish Figures
Good luck charms that held ingredients with mystical powers
Reliquary Figures
Carved guardians that stand above basket receptacles for ancestral remains.
Corbel
Bracket of stone that projects from the face of a wall
Codex
Illuminated manuscripts
Mound Builders
Created huge earthen platforms by carrying dirt in baskets
Kiva
Subterranian sacred worship centers
Adobe
Sun-dried bricks
Pueblo
Flat-roofed Indian dwellings
List the seven principles of art
Unity, contrast, balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm
List the seven elements of art
Line, shape, color, value, form, texture, space
When and where did Hinduism and Buddhism originate?
India in 2000 BC and 6th century BC
Who are Brama, Vishnu, and Siva? How are they represented in Hindu art?
Brama is the creator with four heads, Vishnu is the preserver who holds a discus, conch shell, mace, and lotus, Siva is the destroyer who wears snakes and skulls and dances in fire
Explain the relationship between Islam, Mohammed, and the Koran
The prophet Mohammed founded Islam, and the Koran is the sacred book of Islam
Why are there no sculptures in Islamic mosques?
Islam forbids religious images
How is the temple constructed if it is carved from live rock?
It is cut into a cliff
What is the most famous Mughal Indian structure?
The Taj Mahal
Why did the Mughals destroy the Hindu temples?
Because the Moslem religion prohibited imagery
What is the world's oldest continuous civilization?
China
Why was the Great Wall of China built?
To keep out Nomads of Mongolia and Nanacura
What is the Forbidden City?
The Imperial Palace in Beijing
How did the Chinese government affect their country's art in the middle of the twentieth century?
They shut down art schools and forced artists to do manual labor to produce food and supplies
What are the oldest wooden structures in the world?
The main hall and pagoda of the Horyu-ji Temple
How was Kamakura art different from Heian art?
Kamakura was more realistic and portrayed battle scenes, every day life, hell, illness, and suffering
List three of the seven countries in Southeast Asia and a type of art they created in each area.
Cambodia-wat temples
Bruma-bell shaped temples
Thailand-pottery with celadon glazes
What type of unusual art is found on Easter Island?
Stone carvings made of volcanic rock
Where did the art of body tattoo originate?
The Marquesas
List three animals painted on bark by Australian aborigines
birds, reptiles, fish
What form of textile art is usually regarded as the pinnacle of Islamic design and craftsmanship?
Colorful rugs, carpets, and textiles of wool and silk
How are masks used in Southern Africa?
In religious ceremonies to embody spiritual forces
Name three materials the N'Gere used to construct their masks.
Wood, paint, fabric
Which pre-Columbian culture was renowned for its fine weaving?
Paracas
What was the oldest Mesoamerican culture?
Olmec