Define:Chimera
monster of Greek invention, lions head and body but serpents tail and a goats head that browns out the left side of the lions body.
Define:necropolis
A burial area:"city of dead". the place where all tumulus were, there were many so it created almost a separate city
Define:repousse
metal working technique-hammered gold or silver work. hammered relief
Define:terra cotta
fired clay-literally baked earth. hard-bake clay, used for sculpture and as building material...may be glazed or painted.
Define:sarcophagus
a burial coffin. a structure that housed the ashes of the deceased. The bigger meant more important.
Define:Etruria
the territory the Etruscans occupied
Define:voussoir
series of trapezoidal stones
Define:tumulus
Places were sarcophagus were housed.
Most modern scholars believe that the Etruscans were the result of a fusion of people from ___________ who intermixed with the native Italic population during __________.
Orient(Troy) and Greek, 8th-7th century
The development of Etruscan art was strongly influenced by the Greek colonization of Italy in the _______ and ________ centuries B.C
8th and 7th
The earliest example of Etruscan monumental stone sculpture were by ____________motifs
funerary
List architectural characteristics of Etruscan temples that distinguish them from Greek temples.
Etruscan
*Made of brick, plaster, & wood columns unfluted
*3 doors
*Decorative pieces of roof
*worship of different gods in one temple
*One porch, with one set of stairs
Greek
*Made of permeant marble, stone rock
*1 door
*Decorative pieces in friezes & pe
A subject often painted in early Etruscan tomb interiors was:
Nature and Daily life, painted house hold objects and having good times with family
List 3 characteristics of the Apollo of Veii that distinguish it as Etruscan
Fully clothed, Has a great sense of movement, Mouth open(talking), Was painted with terra cotta
Where was the Apollo of Veii originally placed?
Rooftop on a temple(The Portonaccio Sanctuary)
What were the favorite materials of Etruscan sculptors during the Archaic Period?
terra cotta
During the later period of Etruscan culture what more permanent sculptural process became common?
cement
What do the sarcophagus from Cerveteri,Italy and the wall painting shown in the Tomb of Leopards tell us about the position of women in ancient Etruria as opposed to their position in ancient Greece?
Sarcophagus- the man and woman's ashes placed together. And Man & women together on the piece, interacting and showing some affection as the man gently places his hand on her shoulder.
Tomb of Leopards-Women eating with the men and sharing. They are not p
What aspects of the sarcophagus and Tomb of Leopards of the subject and its treatment are typically Etruscan?
Couples having an intimate dinner party-Talking(mouths open). On a divan a typical Etruscan piece of furniture. A affectionate pose. Tomb has a painting of everyone having a good time and conversing, arms moving.
Unlike Greeks who had art to ressemble the
How were the Etruscan tumuli constructed?
each tumuli covered one or more subterranean multi chambered tombs cut out of the dark local limestone called tufa. and were arranged together to be in same area. Tombs subterranean and above constructed of wood and mud brick.
What do the Etruscan tombs most resemble?
The resemblee homes on the inside and by the way they are decorated. Had beds inside, footstools, framed doorways, even windows cut out of the rock.
What conventions in painting skin color did many Mediterranean cultures utilized to distinguish men and women?
Egyptian
Why is the Etruscan Capitoline Wolf so famous? Why is it confused with Roman Culture? What aspects of its depiction is most representative of Etruscan art?
This bronze statue is famous because it is confused with a roman legend of Romulus and Remus, who were abandon as infants and brought up by a she wolf, later Romulus killed his brother and founded Rome. However, it is not roman art.
The vivid expression o
By what century had the Etruscans been absorbed by Rome?
474 BC or 5th century
What is an arcuated gateway?How is it constructed?
arched shape gateway. by a series of trapezoidal stone voussoirs held in place by the weight of the blocks pressing against one another
Define:Encaustic
painting method using melted wax. A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with melted wax applied to the surface while the mixture is hot
Define:Kore
statue in the shape of an idealized women. female of Kourous. Statuettes placed for women graves. And also had the same format as Kourous but these wore garments and had a little bit more restrain.
Define:Kourous
means "youth". Was funerary art placed at tombs to symbolize deceases had been young once and strong. And as votive offerings
Define:naos/cella
main chamber of a greek temple holding the cult statue. Basic greek temple structure: a room with no windows that usually housed a cult statue of a deity.
Define: Prostyle
Early model of greek temple(Geometric ), with cella at center peaked roof, one door then a porch in front(Pronaos)
Define:Amphi-prostyle
A later model of greek temple(Archaic), with cella at center then a porch in front(Pronaos) and opomos porch in back(opisthodomos)=which served no purpose but as decoration and symmetry.
Define:Peristyle
Early/Late Classical model of greek temple that had a porch all the way around and possessed cella at center.
Define:tesserae
greek "cube". A tiny stone or piece of glass cut to the desired shape and size for used in forming a mosaic
Define:caryatid
column carved in the shape of a women. statue-columns. Female figure that functioned as a supporting column. Used but rarely in Ionic order buildings
Define:centaur
mythical half man, half horse. Greek Mythology- was a monster-=half horse, half man
Define:entasis
The convex profile (an apparent swelling) in the shaft of a column
Define:acropolis
high city" Temples put in elevated sites, to inspire function in public life
Define:Geometric Period
Art is very shape oriented. Triangles for body and ellipses for legs
Define:Archaic Period
More refined art becomes to less cartoon base but is an idealized
Define:Classical Period
Becomes really natural and are able to show the perfection of body but still idealized, no expression in faces
Define:Hellenistic Period
Complete expresi�n, Realistic and melodramatic art.
Identify:Iktinos and Kallikrates
Architects of the Parthanon
Identify:Aphrodite
greek goddess of love. Daughter of Zeus and Dione(daughter of Okeanos and one of the nymphs_goddess of springs, caves, and woods) Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty. In one version she was born from the foam from the sea. She was the mother of E
Identify:Nike
minor goddess of victory
Identify:Alexander the Great
spread greek culture through his conquest. One of the great rulers after the Peloponnesian War.
Identify:Phidias
directed the sculpture for the Parthenon. Interior designer of Parthenon
Identify:Polykleitos
Shadow Painter during classical period with white figure ware. And made the cannon of symmetria.
Identify:Myron
sculptor of the Diskobolos
Identify:Poseidon
Mythological God of the Sea
Identify:Praxiteles
4th century Greek who sculpted a famous nude statue of Aphrodite. Late Classical Period sculpture, liked to carve in stone. And created a scandal with his female nudity in his Aphrodite of Knidos and Hermes & infant Dionysos
Identify:Lysippos
Late classical sculpture and chosen by Alexander the Great as his portrait maker. Also artist of Apoxyomenos(scraper) and Herakles
Identify:Athena
Goddess of wisdom and warfare, Athena was a virgin, born not from a women's womb but from the head of her father Zeus. She competed with Poseidon for the honor of becoming the patron deity of Athens. She won and the city bears her name.
In Greek philosophy, what set man apart from other creatures?
Humans ar mortal..Gods immortal. And we can reason and see we are in the likeness of gods
What form did the greeks give their gods?
Human forms,
For the Greek, _________ was the measure of all things.
man
List 3 characteristics of Greek Geometric Period vase painting?
*Simple geometric bodies (triangle for upper body, ellipse for legs)
*Repetitive shapes and forms
*meander-pattern around the rim of the krater/vase
*Very abstract
*In registers/narrations around whole vase
The Greek statuette known as the Mantiklos Apollo, is probably influenced by the Near Eastern prototypes. What is uniquely Greek aspect of the figurine and what idea is his thought to symbolize?
He is naked which was something that the Greeks began to use, to show the likeness of the Gods. This piece was used for funerary art as a prayer/votive/favor to the Gods=Apollos (for the wealthy) but very conceptual/ geometric so this was not suppose to b
Monumental freestanding sculpture appears in Greece during which period?
Archaic
What characteristics do Archaic style kouros figures share with Egyptian and Mesopotamian statues? In which ways are they different?
Same- Same compositional patterns, most statues were for funerary statues, Very frontal with left foot slightly advanced and arms to side with fist clenched. Same format(Egyptian) Big eyes(Mesopotamian)
Different-1) Greek sculptors liberated them from the
What does gardner believe the "archaic smile" of 6th century BC sculpture represented?
The smile seems to indicate that the person portrayed is alive. It is not suppose to be taken as literally the person is happy or content.
What is the major function of greek temples?
To house deity. Worshiping the deity was done outside of temple. And tended to be longer than wide 1:3 ratio
The qualities characteristic of a Doric temple would be:
(Was used in main land and western colonies of the greeks)
*Simpler(less decorative)
*Top heavy(Had wider Frieze and Architrave)
*Capitals(Simple capitals with no base)
What is the difference between black figure style and red figure style of vase painting? What advantages in representation does red figure style have?
Black figure- Had to draw around the white parts that were to be detail. Person would be silhouette would be black. Was very labor intensive and tedious
Red figure-would use same black glaze to outlined figure then colored the background black. And reserv
Who sacked Athens in 480 B.C?
Persia, King Xerxes. Persia army got as far as Athens but then greeks pushed them back with there navy force. Greeks felt pretty good about themselves and this started out Classical Period for Greeks.
What was stylistically different and important aboiut the Kouros that Kritios sculpted around 490 B.C? Describe Contrapposto
Young male figure but it is the first time in a relaxed posed - another level of naturalism- and no longer equal, weight on one leg causing tilting pelvis and shoulders uneven.
Contrapposto: "counter balance" weight shift shown in statue.
The Diskobolous was created by the sculptor ____________ about______________B.C
MYRON, 450 B.C
What features of the Diskobolous are characteristic of Early Classic Greek sculpture?
The perfect athlete- face expressionless with body in full exertion Makes task seem easy and he perfect . This was not an exact depiction of athlete. This was to show idea of the prefect athlete or hero. Never interacts with people viewing it, stares off
Who devised a cannon of perfect human proportions and which of his sculptures is supposed to be demonstration of his theory?
POLYKLEITOS, devised cannon of symmetria and the Doryphoros(spear bearer) was suppose to show these cannon. Original in 450 B.C
Describe the theory of symmetria
Balance in all things=harmony 2:1,3:2,4:3 ratios
w/o balance =chaos
What was the main purpose of the Parthenon?
Was built as a monument to Athena, Patron of Athens, and for helping them win against the Persians.
Who were the architects of the Parthenon?
Senor architect- IKTINOS
Junior architect- KALLIKRATES
Who designed the sculpture decorations in the Parthenon?
Phidias(also designed the great 38 foot cult statue of Athena)
What was the basic style of the exterior of the Parthenon?
Doric-slender shafts,compressed capitals, cella had two-story Doric colonnade, temple's exterior had a canonical Doric frieze
However Ionic elements were used in the inner decoration- the back room(which housed the goddess's treasury and tribute collectio
Two Ionic elements used inside the Parthenon are:
*Columns(fluted)
*Continuos frieze
What is represented on the inner frieze of the Parthenon?
Shows a common event at that time: The Panathenaic festival(every 4 years in Athens)
These are again idealized reliefs, Kourous & Kore figures are perfect and females less active than males. However the gods are also depicted but seem to not partake in th
What was used to mark Athenian graves during the
1)Geometric
2)Archaic
3)Classical
1)Ceramic pottery aka Krater
2)Life sized stone sculptures(Kourous and Kore) idealized
3)A stele(Also idealized- to remember deceased as young & strong)(Generic pieces-made for lots of people,not unique to each individual)(symmetrically balanced, was pain
Who fought who in the Peloponnesian War?
Ionic Cities VS Doric Cities
Athens VS Sparta
Island, major cities in asia minor Mainland Sicily, Italy
Who was Philip of Macedonia and who was his son?
At the end of the Peloponnesian War, he becomes the Greek tyrant but was later assassinated. His son was Alexander the Great
The original Aphrodite of Knidos, one of the first Greek female nudes, was sculpted by __________ in the ________ century B.C?
PRAXITELES, 4th century (350 BC)
What was sensational about the PRAXITELES's Aphrodite of Knidos?
This is the first time when female nude art comes into play
Describe some of the differences between 4th and 5th century Greek sculpture? How does PRAXITELES' Hermes and the Infant Dionysos express these differences?
5th century sculpture's focused on the perfectness and idealized figures and man in the likeness of gods. However after the Peloponnesian war, in the 4th century focused more on the individual and on the real world appearances rather than on perfectness
T
What is the difference between pebble mosaic and tesserae mosaics?
pebble-labor intensive because you had to find specific colored round pebbles
tesserae- pieces of clay glazed, made having instant pieces to work with and easier on hand.
Who was the 5th century B.C Athenian Painter credited with inventing shading or what the greeks called "shadow painting"?
POLYKLEITOS
Whom did Alexander the Great select to do the official portrait?
LYSIPPOS, However Alexander's portraits were to be idealized
Who was the Greek mythical super-hero who the gods gave a number of impossible task? and Which 4th century sculpture created a famous depiction of the hero?
Hercules, and LYSIPPOS
How did the new canon of Herakles by LYSIPPOS affect the proportions of Greek figural sculpture?
The bodies were more slender,And the sculptures now have a more unbalanced shifts in weight. And now these types of canons allow the observer to view the art from multiple angles, also he is engaging the space around, is no longer in a bound like previous
How does the treatment of the Farnese Herakles point the transition to the Hellenistic Period's style?
He is depicted with huge muscles, big, manly almost looks like a brute but his face is and body language convey he is tired and almost exhausted, leaning against his club to keep himself standing.
Define:agora
open pubic square in the center of a Greek city. an open square or space used for public meetings or business in ancient Greece cities
Define:colonnade
An acient series or row or of columns, usually spanned by lintels
Define:stoa
In ancient Greece architecture, an open building with a roof supported by a row of columns parallel to the back wall. A covered colonnade or portico
Who was Hippodamos and what did the later Romans credit him with being the father of?
Wrote on how to build the perfect Greek city...was the Father of City Planning
List 3 works that you think best represent the Hellenistic sculptors bent for realism?
Dying Gual, on the alter of Zeus..when Attalos I won and beat the barbaric Gauls. This solider is laying on the ground next to a shield, his blood gushing out onto the shield, veins bulging, was suppose to show suffering.
Sleeping satyr(Barberini Faun)- h
Note the stylistic characters that identified the Nike of Samothrace as a Hellenistic sculpture?
War monument in Samothrace, Greece. Placed on sacred grounds on a small island. Came out of a natural grotto. Was used to commemorate a victory of a naval battle. Her clothes seems to be moving in the wind and it seems wet b/c of the way it sticks to her
Compare the Hellenistic Boxer with the representation of the fith-century athletes like MYRON's Diskobolos or POLYKEITOS' Doryphoros. How are they different in emotional impact, and what formal differences contribute to those effects?
the Boxers nose is flat(from it being broken so many times) ears completely lost and his expression in a melodramatic way is defeat but realistic. Its like reality has hit them. MYRON and POLYKEITOS always strived for the perfect athlete with a perfect bo
What was the last type of capital that became popular in the Hellenistic and what was its advantage over the Ionic capital?
The Corinthian Capital=was a very ornamental, didn't need to modify like Ionic capitals. Because the Ionic frieze is used for the Corinthian "order", architects did not have to contend with metopes or triglyphs
Define: Bastion
a projecting part of a fortification
Corbeled Arch
constructed of overlapping stone courses with a relieving triangle held in place by a key stone.
Two great monoliths capped with a huge lintel with a projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the superstructure. Also, course of stone or
Relieving Triangle
a opening left after a corbeled arch.
Cyclopean Walls
believed constructed by giants using huge irregular stone blocks without mortar.
During the second century CE, Pausanias(author of a guidebook to Greece)visited the abandoned site of the walls of Tiryns...and said tht the walls must have been made by Cycl
megalithic construction
walls constructed of great stone
Tholos
is a composed of a series of stone courses laid on a circular base form a lofty dome.
Wet(or true) Fresco
pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the plaster after it dries
Faience
a low fired opaque glasslike silicate Ex)snake goddess
Repousse
goldsmith hammers the shape from a single sheet of metal and pushes the features out from behind
It is thought that homer's Illiad and Odyssey celebrated the Heroes of what war?
Trojan War
Who was Heinrich Schliemann?
Wealthy German businessman who turned into an archeologist (amateur) uncovered Troy. Digging methods of his have become widely used in modern archeology.
Modern archeology strongly suggest that victors of the war were probably from which ancient culture?
Pirates
What are the characteristics of Early Bronze Age statuettes from the Cycladic Islands?
Extremely abstract and simple
Round edges
Made of marble
Very geometric shaped/flat planes
Write down 3 different characteristics of ancient Aegean civilizations from those of Egypt and the Near East.
Consisted of city states but spread over islands and between water.
Niles was mode of transportation, the Aegean Sea was for them how they got around. *More freeness in living because they were sea fairing people, could climb stature a lot more easily in
Date the period of the New Palace at Knosos
1400 BCE
List 4 characteristics of the New Palace at Knosos
Use of wet fresco to draw on the palace walls- meant less time to paint=more fluid lines.
Labyrinth styled palace rooms.Low ceilings with long and narrow rooms
Palace had everything to set up kings commercial, administrative and religious life.
Stairwells
In what ways did Minoan columns differ from other columns?
Columns taper from a wide top to a narrow base(opposite of Egyptian)= liner perspective, made it look bigger
In Minoan painting humans are represented in profile with a full view eye and colored to distinguish genders and with generic standardization, similar to conventions in Egyptian and Mesopotamian art. What about figural depiction is uniquely Minoan?
Variation in lines:thick and thin
Lots more sense of movement=all could be atribuated to the new technology of wet fresco
Very small waist in human depiction and elongation of parts like limbs to show energy
How does the technique of wet fresco affect the style(results) of Minoan painting?
Because wet fresco dried more quickly, painters had to draw in sections and very quickly. This allowed for very free and long flowing movements in paintings..as if the artist didn't even have time to pick up his brush.
Select a Minoan fresco(Toreador Fresco and an Egyptian example and compare them. What differences do you see in the artists' approaches to composition and form, particularly in depiction of motion and vitality
Minoan has more movement and vivid scenes than the very stylised Egyptian and Minoan had a lot more landscapes
What are the similarities and differences between Kamares Ware ceramics and later Maritime or palace Ware?
Similarities: emphasized sea life, polychromatic style,pottery wheels allowed for even vases and rounded
Differences: Kamares Ware=have light pictures on dark backgrounds while Maritimes War have dark pictures on light backgrounds
During which period of Minoan culture was the potter's wheel introduced to Crete and how did it influence the production qualities of Minoan pottery
Middle Minoan period, And it increased the production of this kind of pottery to be sold/traded in other parts of the world.
List 3 aspects of Minoan sculpture as seen in the Snake Goddess that show influences of egyptian and Middle Eastern art.
*Still very generic and stylized
*Exposed breast could stand in line for prehistoric fertility images
*Frontality(schematic of front view or depiction) of the figure
What about the Snake Goddess statuette id different from the sculpture of those other cultures?
The arms (appendages) are no longer just at her side. They are out, holding snakes. Demonstrating her power. This change made probably to communicate better artist idea.
What sources seemed to have influenced the Lion Gate of Mycenae?
Egyptian=lions seemed to be sphinx
guarding the city and holding up a beam (also egyptian), meaning a strong and powerful nation
In what ways does the Palace at Knosos differ from the Palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad or the citadel of Tyrins?
The palace at Knosos had no fortifications, but Sargon II and Tyrins did, very tall walls.
What does the differences from the palaces suggest about the lifestyle of the Minoans?
Minoans were not afraid of invaders because they were an island so water surrounded them, which was a natural barrier. Unlike the Mycenae people who were connected to the main land.
How do the walled and fortified bastions of Mycenaen cities suggest a very different lifestyle as contrasted to their Minoan neighbors?
Mycenaen people were very paranoid and were prepared for invaders because they had very big walls. Also they wanted to show power and there grandeur.
What is similar and what is quite different about the golden funeral mask from Mycenae and the death mask of Tutankhamen?
Similarities= Used for burial purposes
Differences= Closed eyes-Egyptian keep eyes open for the next life. Mycenae had the eyes closed; demonstrating eternal rest, they would not open ever again
Less refined-crude b/c made from a single piece of gold meta
What are the current theories about the demise of the Minoan and the Mycenaean cultures?
Many have to have been volcanoes or earthquakes. But the main idea was....that their are sever burn marks on all islands, like the kind seen when someone puts a torch to a city. So the best theory is that someone burned and conquered the cities killing or
Knossos
Minoan capital city
Cyclades
group of islands in the Aegean Sea
Entablature
part of a building above columns and below the trangular gable created by the roof
Tiryns
Mycenaean fortified city
Iktinos
one of the architects of the Parthenon
Herakles
Greek hero who was given a series of impossible tasks to preform by the gods
volute
ornament on an Ionic capital resembling a rolled scroll
Frieze
a sculpted or painted horizontal band of decoration-on architecture part of the entablature
Sarcophagus of husband and wife from Cerveteri Italy
General cultural period: Etruscan
Specific period of the culture: Archaic
Date: 530 BC
A terra cotta sarcophagus that held this couples ashes, demonstrates the couple dining on a typical Etruscan divan. This is funerary monumental, with the focus on the upper body half. You can tell this from the unnatural waist at the torso and because of
Name: Capitoline wolf
General cultural period: Etruscan
Specific period of the culture: Classical
Date: 500BC
Is confused with roman legend of Romulus and Remus who were abandon but raised by a she wolf. The infants are not originals to the art. However, this is a very expressive piece from its firm position, almost pushing forward, bearing teeth, and gives the i
Name: Kouros
General cultural period: Greek
Specific Period of culture: Archaic
Date: 600BC
This was funerary art left on top of graves. These were not to be portraits of decease, instead they were suppose to symbolize how the decease had been once strong and young all idealized to show a flawless body. Can see in influence of Mesopotamian and E
Name: Spear Bearer by POLYKEITOS
General cultural period: Greek
Specific Period of culture: Classical
Date: 450BC
Polykeitos, spear bearer was a Classical Ancient Greece sculpture from 450 BC. Polyklitos used this statue to demonstrate his cannon of symetria(a math based rules for perfect human proportions and balance), what ha had gathered as the perfect proportions
Name: Parthenon, Athens By IKTINOS and KALLIKRATES
General cultural period: Greek
Specific Period of culture: late Classical
Date: 440BC
Had both Doric and Ionic aspects. The outside exterior was Doric with its slender shafts and capitals and friezes. Used optical allusions to make it seem perfectly proportional, however had curving horizontal foundation lines and tilting vertical columns.
Name: Nike of Samothrace
General cultural period: Greek
Specific Period of culture: Hellenistic
Date: 190 BC
Depicts Nike just landing on a prow of a greek warship and has chosen them the victors. Is incredibly realistic because of the folds on her clothes, you can almost see them ripple in the wind and her wings still moving. Was a very melodramatic piece, beca
Name: Snake Goddess
General cultural period: Minoan
Specific Period of culture:late minoan
Date:1600 BC
Snake goddess made in Minoan Art around 1600 BC. The statue can be identified as Minoan from the type of layered open bodice skirt and pinched waist she is wearing was typical dress ware for Minoan women. However, we see a drastic change in this statue fr
Name: Lion Gate
General cultural period: Mycenae
Specific Period of culture: late Helladic
Date: 1300 BC
Used corbeled Arch to produce relieving triangle so image of two sphinx could be placed. This gate showed the influence of Egyptian, because of the sphinx and column. Was a way to show there power when other entered, with the addition of the Cyclope mason
Minoan ceramics of the Palace or Maritime period are characterized by _________
dynamic fluid forms, organic motifs, thin walls
It is thought that Homer's Iliad and Odyssey celebrated the heroes of _______
Mycenaean Greece
A nude standing figure of a heroic young man is known in Greek art as a _______
kouros
What subject was portrayed on the interior Ionic frieze around the Parthenon? _________
Panahtenaic Procession
Black figure ceramics would more likely be found in conjunction with art of the _______
Archaic Period
Most architectural sculpture was made to decorate what part of the Etruscan temple?
pitched roof
The Etruscans buried their dead _________.
in subterranean rooms arranged along a network of streets in a city of the dead
The politician leader of Athens who was responsible for building the Parthenon after the war with the Persians and whose idealized portrait was sculpted by Kresilas was ________
Pericles
Which term refers to the slightly convex curvature of the shaft of a column?
entasis
The so-called Treasury of Artreus is an excellent example of __________
beehive tomb
The Kamares ware style referred to _____________
ceramics
Etruscan artisans particularly excelled at _________
metal working
The earliest example of an attempt at weight shifted to one leg to create a natural and relaxed stance was attempted in the sculpture of the _________
Kritios Boy
When compared to the Classical style, Greek Hellenistic art could be characterized as _________
more realistic
The Greek architect Hippodamus is famous for his _________
city planning
An Etruscan temple would most likely be constructed of ___________
wood, brick & plaster
The style of the Etruscans can best be described as having ________
motion and vitality
The so-called Geometric period in early Greek art was in the ___________
eighth-century B.C.= 700B.C
An Etruscan temple differed from a Greek temple in that it had __________
three cellas
Wet or true fresco is thought to have been commonly used first by the ____________
Minoans
Which culture had elaborate burial rites, including great stone tombs, mummification and rich funerary art, including death masks, most similar to the Egyptians?_______________
Mycenaean
The sculptor that Alexander the Great selected to carve his official portrait was __________
Lypsippos
During the later Greek Classical period what became a new preferred style for a grave marker? _________
steles with scenes carved in relief
A Greek temple balanced with two columned porches on each end of the structure under the triangular gables of the pitched roof would be called a ____________
amphiprostyle
Monumental figurative sculpture and elegant abstracted marble figurines from the early Bronze Age (3rd Millennium BC) associated with funeral rites have been found in __________
the Cyclades island
An ancient Greek (or Aegean) temple or tomb in a circular shape is called a ___________
tholos
An ancient Greek Doric Style temple would NOT be characterized as __________
massive in its masonry, appering symmetrical, simple repeated decorative patterns
None of the above
In classical architecture, what is the triangular space(the gable) at the end of a building, formed by the sloping roof above the colonnade(columns and entablature) called?
Pediment
Etruscan art was most influenced by which ancient contemporary neighboring culture?
Greeks
Name the ancient mythical Mycenaean King who had supernatural powers and represents a cautionary tale about greed in the poetry of Homer.
Mideas
A Greek temple with columned porch all around the temple is called what style?
peristyle
Sculpture with more dynamic action poses, that was meant to express emotions and often interacted with the space or environment around it would characterized the style of what period of ancient Greek culture?
Hellenistic
What makes the Erechthion (that has caryatids on its side porch) unique among the other structures on the Athenian Acropolis and the antithesis of what a Greek temple ought to visually symbolize?
Not symmetrical-no two sides alike
The famous ancient bronze sculpture of a snarling female wolf, called the Capitoline Wolf, was produced by which ancient culture?
Etruscan
What is the technical term for art (patterns or scenes) made by embedding different toned and colored pebbles or small pieces of ceramic or glass into the cement covered surface of a floor or of a wall?
Mosaic