Medieval Art

4 Types of Medieval Art

Byzantine, Insular, Romanesque, Gothic

5 Types of Medieval Media

Sculpture, Illuminated Manuscripts, Stained Glass, Metalwork, Mosaics

Minor/(Decorative) Art

Metalwork, Ivory Carvings, Enamel, Embroidery

Medieval Traditions

Follow Catholic Europe

Artistic Style

Form of Greek realism; Greek influence; developed out of the Roman Empire

Art Features

Abstract; anti-naturalistic character; symbolic

2 Main Areas in Byzantine Art

Icons & Mosaics

Icons

Religious work of Art; commonly a painting; represents sign/symbol; Easter Christianity/Catholicism

Jesus Christ (Icon)

Greek language not Latin; hand-painted

Crucifixion of Christ

words=Greek; skull=symbolic (human skull); Greek=Golgotha; Latin=Calvary

Holy Trinity (Icon)

Represents Holy father, son, spirit

The Annunciation

From Ohrid; 1 of most admired icons

Byzantine Mosaics

Central to byzantine cultures; golden

Christ Pantocrator

Most famous survivor; Hagia Sophia in Constantinople

St. Demetrios with Donors

From Church of Hagios Demetrios in Thessaloniki

Insula Art

Insula" (Island); Post-Roman history of Ireland & Great Britain; originated=Irish monasticism of Celtic

3 Main Areas of Insula Art

Form of the book, High Crosses, and Liturgical Metalwork

Insula Style

Fusion b/w traditions of Celtic Art & Christians; few human figurines; extremely detailed, geometric, interlace, animal decor, and brooches

Book of Kells

Illuminated manuscript Gospel book in latin; 4 Gospels of New Testament

Page from Book of Kells

Text from Gospel of John; Written by Scribe (Hand B)

Lindisfarne Gospels

Latin manuscript (Gospel Matthew, Mark, Luke, John); Monk's Eadfrith

High Cross

Made of stone

Muiredach's High Cross

Location=Monasterboice, County Louth, Ireland; aka South Cross

Arboe High Cross

National Cross; Northern Ireland; Tallest cross=5.6 meters

Interlace

Common origin=Islamic patterns & Celtic knotwork; decorative elements; geometric patterns

Saint Louis Psalter

Interlace=used in illuminated text; metalwork; historiated initial b; enlarge letter at the beginning of a paragraph; decoration=human/animal

Celtic brooch/(Penannular brooch)

Clothes fastener; large; form of metalwork

Tara Brooch

Most famous form of metalwork

Romanesque Art Themes

Western Europe; Monasticism

4 Types of Romanesque Art

Painting, Typology, Psalter, Enamel

Painting

Vigorous, expressive; terms of iconography; called="Poor Man's Bible"; Monsters/beast fighting=popular themes; loosely religious attachments

Typology

Dominant approach in lit and art=interpretations of the bible; many decorations

Psalter

Book of Psalms (Liturgical Calendar & Lituary of Saints); Owned by wealthy; used for learning how to read

Enamel/(Porcelain Enamel)

Powered glass=fused; melts, flows, hardens=coating on metal or ceramics

Baptism of Christ Baptism Font

Shiny from being touched; words=latin

4 Main Types of Gothic Art

Sculpture, Ivory Sculpture, Painting, Illuminated Manuscript

Gothic Art (Architectural Ornament)

Devotional object (created for home & church); made of bone and wood

Adam & Eve

@ Notre Dame Cathedral; Satan=snake in tree (appears feminine)

Ivory Sculpture

Consisted of=small, carved elephant ivory figurines; scenes of virgin mary

Gothic Art Paintings

Displayed @ home; for wealthy; painted on oil canvas; diptic

Tryptic

3 panels of painting; alter-piece

G.A. Illuminated Manuscripts

Mid 13th century; Bible; record of Gothic paintings; Psalters=include illustrations

G.A. Book of Hours

Devotional book; surviving manuscripts; contains=A calendar of the liturgical year (feast days etc.); An excerpt from each of the four canonical gospels; The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary; The fifteen Psalms of Degrees; The seven Penitential Psalms; A Litany of Saints; An Office for the Dead; The Hours of the Cross;Various other Christian prayers

G.A. Hildegard of Bingen

Benedictine nun; physician, mystic, composer, artist

Mandala

A religious symbol associated with meditation, usually created with geometric patterns and shapes

Hindu Mandala

Circle w/square in the middle

Aztec Mandala

Circular all around

Adam Mandala

Nun @ top corner

Tree of Life Mandala

Animals