amphora
a two-handled jar used for the storage and transport of wine, oil, dried fish, and other commodities.
krater
an ancient Greek wide-mouthed bowl for mixing wine and water
Geometric style Greek pottery
is characterized by motifs, such as meanders, triangles, swastikas and other abstract geometrical decoration.
horror vacuii
horror of empty spaces. a piece of art with decoration everywhere with no empty spaces. Example: Geometric style Greek pottery
The Dipylon Vase
name | Dipylon Vase
artist | unknown
period | Geometric (Ancient Greek Art)
date | circa 750 BC
The Francois Vase
Volute Krater, c. 570, It bears the inscriptions "Ergotimos mepoiesen" and "Kleitias megraphsen", meaning "Ergotimos made me" and "Kleitias painted me".[
Some 200 small figures in great detail
greatly developed story (extends myth to whole frieze, does not just add extra figures)
Red Figure Pottery
developed in Athens around 530 BCE and remained in use until the late 3rd century BCE. name is based on the figural depictions in red colour on a black background.
Black Figure Pottery
especially common between the 7th and 5th centuries BCE. Figures and ornaments were painted on the body of the vessel using shapes and colors reminiscent of silhouettes. Delicate contours were incised into the paint before firing, and details could be reinforced and highlighted with opaque colors, usually white and red.
The Euphronios Krater or Death of Sarpedon
Archaic Greek. Euphronios (potter/painter). Red figure.
The death of Sarpedon.
Sarpedon, the son of Zeus, and an ally of the Trojans, is dying of wounds he received from Patroclus, who is a cousin and close friend of Achilles.
Hermes, the messenger of Zeus is instructing the gods Hypnos (sleep) and Thanatos (death) to carry Sarpedon away.
Symmetric
Muscles outlined, kind of abstract though
Idealized nude
Idealized death in battle
Concept of painful death from war (which is chaotic and bloody) versus the peaceful presence of the gods carrying his body away to eternal sleep
Nobility of death, heroic nude, person just died, whisked away to next world
Idealized but naturalistic physically, emotionally, psychologically
Archaic Greek Art
600-480 BCE (7th & 6th centuries). Influenced by Egyptian art. figures are stiff, archaic smile, naturalism, interest in accuracy of ideal human form.
Classical Greek Art
a style of greek art associated with the classical period, 500 - 338 BC. Sculpture showed idealism, symmetry, and naturalism but NOT individualism. Architecture demonstrated balance & harmony, a sense of perfection, order, and beauty. Doric and Ionian orders in architecture.
Doric style
A simple style of Classical architecture, characterized in part by smooth or fluted column shafts and plain, cushionlike capitals, and a frieze of metopes and triglyphs.
Doric Column
The Doric column is the oldest and simplest Greek style--its found on the Parthenon in Athens. This column features fluted sides, a smooth rounded top, or capital, and no separate base.
Ionic Column
Ionic columns are identified by the scroll-shaped ornaments at the capital, which resemble a ram's horns called volutes. The Ionic column rests on a rounded base.
Corinthian column
Corinthian columns are the latest of the three Greek styles and show the influence of Egyptian columns in their capitals, which are shaped like inverted bells. Capitals are also decorated with olive, laurel, or acanthus leaves. Corinthian columns rest on a base similar to that of the Ionic style.
Caryatid
a supporting column carved in the shape of a person
Hellenistic Greek Art
323-31 BCE (3rd, 2nd, 1st centuries) Art displays strong sense of movement and emotion. No longer focused on the ideal.
Polykleitos
Greek High Classical Sculptor; devised mathematical formula for representing the perfect male body;
Praxiteles
Ancient Greek sculptor (circa 370-330 BC), who sculpted figures that were more lifelike and natural in form and size.
Perikles
Leader in Athens during its Golden Age, patron of the arts encouraging public images of peace, prosperity, and power. Convinced the people to rebuild the Acropolis to honor Athena.
Kore
an Archaic Greek statue of a standing, draped female. Peplos Kore
Kouros
Greek word for "male youth." An Archaic Greek statue of a standing, nude youth.
Kritios Boy
[Classical] (480 BCE). Introduction of the contrapposto, body standing naturally. Slight turn to the body head not strictly frontal but a bit to one side. Transitional piece between Archaic and Classical art.
Doryphoros or Spear Thrower
Spear Thrower, early classical, 440BC, Polykleitos, copy from bronze original canon proportion 1/7, contrapposto.
, Statue that is recognized because of its embodiment of human beauty b/c of ordered proportions, fine muscle tone and rugged features.
Bronze Riace Warrior
The Bronzi di Riace or Riace Warrior
(Young Warrior), found in the sea off Riace, Italy. Bronze with bone and glass eyes, silver teeth, and copper lips and nipples, 460-450 BCE.
Seated Boxer
Hellenistic Greek Sculpture (100-50 BCE) Heavily Battered, defeated veteran. Nose broken, teeth missing. Appealed to the emotions
Realism. Foreshortening.
Nike of Samothrace
It is a 2nd century BC marble sculpture of the Greek goddess Nike. It is one of the most celebrated sculptures in the world. It is estimated to have been created around 190 BC. Its purpose is storytelling. It was created not only to honor the goddess but to honor a sea battle. It conveys a sense of action and triumph as well as portraying artful flowing drapery through its features which Greeks considered ideal beauty. It is held to be one of the great surviving masterpieces of sculpture from the Hellenistic period.
Dying Gaul
230-220 BCE, Hellenistic, by Epigonos. Bronze original, marble is from 2nd cen. AD. Gual=barbarian (anyone not Greek). looks tortured and pained, can't hide anguish like a Greek hero can. he is realistic. has a mustache, rope collar, messy hair, make him look like a barbaric animal. unkempt. physical and emotional weakness and fragility.
Dying warrior
Archaic (500-490 BCE)
� From the temple of Alphaia
� Warrior dying fits neatly into the corner of the pediment
� Hair in rows of tight cords
� Rigid musculature
� Pose of the crossed legs is awkward and unnatural, especially given the life-and-death struggle the dying warrior is undergoing
� Archaic smile
Aphrodite of Knidos
Praxiteles. Roman marble copy after an original of ca. 350-340 BCE. Approx. 6' 8" high. Vatican Museums, Rome.
First nude statue of a goddess. praxiteles turns marble into "flesh" late classical. Not meant to be erotic Considered ideal for the time.
Aphrodite of Melos
hellenistic. Ideal erotic beauty (also called Venus de Milo). C. 150 BCE. Marble, height 6'10" (2.1 m). Louvre, Paris.
Laoco�n and His Sons
Hagesandros, Polydoros and Athanadoros of Rhodes. Hellenistic. Perhaps the original of the 2nd or 1st century BCE or a Roman copy of the 1st century CE. Marble, height 8' (2.4 m). Vatican Museum, Rome.
cella
the chief room of a Greek temple, where the statue of the god was located and, frequently, the temple's treasure was kept.
naos
cella, a room with no windows that usually housed the cult statue of the deity
pronaos
The space in front of the cella, or naos, of an ancient Greek temple
portico
a porch or entrance to a building consisting of a covered and often columned area
peristyle
a colonnade surrounding a building or enclosing a court
stylobate
The uppermost course of the platform of a Greek temple, which supports the columns.
stereobate
In Greek architecture, the stepped base on which a temple stands.
colonnade
structure consisting of a row of evenly spaced columns
peripteral
In classical architecture, a colonnade all around the cella and its porch(es). A peripteral colonnade consists of a single row of columns on all sides; a dipteral colonnade has a double row all around.
in antis
term used to describe the position of columns set between two walls as in a portico or cella OR 2 columns between the 2 walls in the cella
Parthenon
the main temple of the goddess Athena. built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture
Siphnian Treasury
Built by wealthy (gold mines) isle of Siphnos at Delphi before 525 (when Siphnos overrun by pirates), making it crucial fixed point in Delphi's chronology. Small marble ionic temple with caryatids (korai for columns)
two different sculptors of friezes
one set (simpler) shows battle of Achilles and Memnon, and gods weighing their souls
the North (most important) shows gigantomachy, with different levels, foreshortening, etc.
illustrate continuing stress between nobility (epic ideals) and commonality
Battle between the Gods and the Giants from the Siphnian Treasury
fragments of the north frieze of the Siphnian Treasury, from the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi. C. 530-525 BCE. Marble, height 26" (66 cm). Archeological Museum, Delphi.
The Acroplis
the religious center of Athens
Kalikrates and Iktinos
Kallikrates was one of the architects of the Parthenon. He also designed the Temple of Athena Nike on the Athenian Acropolis.
Iktinos was one of the architects of the Parthenon in Athens. He also worked on the sanctuary of Demeter at Eleusis.
Figures from east Pediment of the Parthenon
exemplifies classical sculpture
Erechtheion
Mnesikles. Caryatid - Porch of Maidens. A temple to Athena and Poseidon. The layout was very odd because it was built around a saltwater spring and an olive tree that were already there. It is Ionic. This is said to be where Athena and Posiden had their great battle over being the patron god of the Acropolis.
Temple of Athena Nike
Kalikrates. Ionic temple that Greets visitors to the sanctuary. Celebrates Athena as bringer of victory against the Persians at marathon. The young Nike's Image is repeated dozens of times. 427-424 BCE
Nike Adjusting Her Sandal
[Classical] (410 BCE)
� From the temple of Athena Nike
� Graceful winged figure modeled in high relief
� Deeply incised drapery lines reveal body, wet drapery
Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia
Tholos, Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, Delphi. C. 400 BCE
an ancient Greek circular shrine. Circle represents perfection.
Pergamon
It is an ancient citadel, built on a hill in Asia Minor. It is known as the epitomy of Hellenism. It was built as an idealistc "resort town" which mimicked Athens. It was given to the Romans after they helped the Greeks fight a war.
Alter of Zeus
175-150BC
Pergamon alter, ionic structure, reliefs quite deeply carved
falling out of sculpture calm, reserved; Hellenistic
Athena Attacking the Giants
Hellenistic. detail of the frieze from the east front of the alter from Pergamon. Marble, frieze height 7'6
Statue of an old market woman
Hellenistic. 1st century CE Roman copy of Greek original. Marble; H. 49 5/8 in. Significant because of subject matter - not mythology -
Greek Temple plans
Lysippos
One of the great Late Classical sculptors; works included weary Herkales and Apoxymenos, attributed works that were "engaging" and meant to be looked at in multiple view points
Weary Herakles
Lysippos. Late Classical. 320 Roman marble copy from Rome, Italy, signed by GLYKON OF ATHENS, after a bronze original of ca. 320 BCE- This was found at the baths of Caracalla. Shows point in time, provides narrative. Shows human side of him, how exhausted he was after performing one of his feats.
Suicide of Ajax Amphora
(or Ajax and Achilles) Greek Archaic, Black figure. Exekias (artist), ca. 540 BCE
Frieze
middle element layer of an entablature usually decorated with sculpture, painting or molding.
Metope
the rectangular spaces between the triglyphs of a Doric frieze. These were usually plain but occasionally decorated
Triglyph
a triple projecting, grooved member of a Doric frieze that alternates with metopes
Alexander the Great
356-323 b.c., king of Macedonia 336-323: conqueror of Greek city-states and of the Persian empire from Asia Minor and Egypt to India.
Socrates
Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth
Temple of Hera I
Culture/Period: Greek, Archaic Period
Location: Paestrum, Italy
Date: 540 BC
- made in doric order
- temple was a house for just one God(dess)
- cult statues personified the God
- alter usually outside, temple was backdrop to offerings