amphora
ancient greek.roman jar for storing oil or wine, with an egg-shaped body and two curved handles
sanctuaries
sacred or holy enclosure used for worship; in ancient greece and rome it consisted of one or more temples and an altar
rosettes
round or oval ornaments resembling a rose
black-figure
technique of ancient greek ceramic decoration in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground
red-figure
technique of ancient greek ceramic decoration characterized by red clay-colored figures on a black background; figures are reserved against a painted background and details are drawn, not engraved
Doric Order
column shaft can be fluted or smooth surfaced and has no base; undecorated echinus and abacus; plain architrave, frieze with metopes and triglyphs, and simple cornice
Ionic Order
column has a base, fluted shaft, and capital decorated with volutes; entablature has architrave of three panels ad moldings, frieze with sculpted relief ornament, and cornice with dentils
Corinthian Order
most ornate; has a base, fluted shaft with a capital decorated with acanthus lives; entablature has architrave with moldings, frieze with relief sculpture, and cornice with dentils
pediment
triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as classical greek porticos, windows, or doors; formed by entablature and the ends of a sloping roof or cornice; often used with molding
caryatid
sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature
pedestal
platform or base supporting a sculpture or monument
entablature
horizontal elements above the columns and capitals; consists of architrave, frieze, and cornice
architrave
bottom element of an entablature beneath the frieze and cornice
stoa
long roofed walkway usually with columns on one side and wall on the other
porch
covered entrance on the exterior of a building
temenos
an enclosed sacred area reserved for worship in ancient greece
elevations
arrangement, proportions, and details of any vertical side or face of a building
cella
principal interior room at the center of a greek/roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed
entasis
slight swelling of the shaft of a greek column
pronaos
enclosed vestibule of a greek or roman temple found in front of the cella and marked by a row of columns
terra-cotta
medium made from clay fired over a low heat and sometimes left unglazed; orange brown color
kore
archaic greek sculpture of a young woman
kouros
archaic greek sculpture of a young man
Archaic smile
curved lips of an ancient greek statues in 600-480 ice usually interpreted as a way of animating facial features
peplos
a rich outer robe or shawl worn by women in ancient Greece, hanging in loose folds and sometimes drawn over the head.
kantharos
type of ancient greek goblet with two large handles and a wide mouth
calyx krater
bell shaped vessel with handles near the base that resembles a flower calyx
contrapposto
italian term meaning set against used to describe the classical convention of representing human figures with opposing alternations of tension and relaxation of either side of the axis to create a sense of movement potential
kylix
shallow ancient greek cup used for drinking, with a wide mouth and small handles near the rime
symposium
an elite gathering of wealthy and powerful men in ancient greece that focused on wine, music, poetry, conversation, games, and love making
Akropolis
citadel of an ancient greek city located at the highest point and housing temples, treasury and sometimes a royal palace
frieze
middle element of an entablature between the architrave and cornice; decorated with moldings
agora
open space in a greek town used as a central gathering place or market
podium
raised platform that acts as the foundation for a building, or as a platform for a speaker
orthogonals
any line running back into the represented space of a picture perpendicular to the imagine picture plane; used for city building plans
altar
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Exekias, Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game
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Funerary Krater, from the Dipylon Cemetery
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Aerial View of the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi
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Temple of Aphasia, Aegina
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Metropolitan Kouros
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Analysis Kouros
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Peplos Kore, from Acropolis, Athens
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Kritios Boy
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Charioteer, from Delphi
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Warrior from Riace
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The Acropolis, Athens
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The Parthenon, Athens
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Polykleitos, Spear Banner
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The Propylaea, Athens
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The Erechteion, Athens
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Achilles Painter, Woman and Maid
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Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos
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Lysippos, Man Scraping Himself (Apoxyomenos
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Alexander the Great Confronts Darius, mosaic
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Epigones, Dying Gaulic Trumpeter
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Reconstruction West Front of the Altar of Zeus, Pergamon
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Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athenodorus of Rhodes, Laocoon and his Sons
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verism
style in which artists concern themselves with describing the exterior likeness of an object or person, usually by rendering its visible details in a finely executed manner
toga
cloth draped over the shoulder and on the body
denarius
widely circulated coin
arch
curved structural element that spans an open space
centering
temporary structure that supports a masonry arch,vault, or dome during construction until the mortar is fully dried and the masonry is self-sustaining
engaged columns
attached to a wall
forum
roman town center; site of temples and administrative buildings and used as market or gathering area for citizens
impluvium
pool under a roof opening that collected rainwater in the atrium of a roman house
intuitive perspective
method of giving the impression of recession by visual instinct, not by the use of an overall system or program
linear perspective
method of creating the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface by delineating a horizon line and multiple orthogonal line; they recede and give a sense of spatial depth
atmospheric perspective
method of rendering the effect of spatial distance by subtle variations in color and clarity of representations
triumphal arch
monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road
barrel vault
elongated or continuous semicircular value, shaped like a half cylinder
groin vault
vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults of equal size which creates four side compartments of identical size and shape
buttress
projecting support built against an external wall usually to counteract the lateral thrust of a vault or arch within
drillwork
technique of using a drill for the creation of certain effects in sculpture
dome
rounded vault usually over a circular space; consists of curved masonry and can vary in shape from hemispherical to bulbous to ovoidal
coffers
recessed decorative panel used to decorate ceilings or vaults
oculus
a circular opening usually found as windows or at the apex of a dome
exedrae (niches)
semicircular niche that can be used as decoration form interior spaces
mosaic
image formed by arranging small colored stone or glass pieces and affixing them to a hard stable surface
tesserae
glass pieces used in a mosaic
basilica
large rectangular building used for administration then adapted for Christina church use; has clerestory, aisles, and an apse
Burial Chamber, Tomb of the Reliefs
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Reclining Couple on a Sarcophagus from Cerveteri
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Head of a Man "Brutus
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Patrician Carrying Portraits of Two Ancestors
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Zulus Metellus (The Orator)
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Pont du Gard
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Augustus of Primaporta
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Ara Pacis Augustae
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Peristyle Graden, House of the Vetii
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Initial Rites Cult of Bacchus, Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii
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The Arch of Titus
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The Colosseum
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Basilica Ulpia
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Trajan's Column and Markets
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Pantheon
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Marcus Aurelius Equestrian Statue
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Caracalla Portrait
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Arch of Constantine
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Constantine the Great, portrait head
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Priestess of Bacchus
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