In Hunters in the Snow, the artist has captured the atmosphere of a cold winter's day. The landscape is snow-covered and stark with the returning hunters wearily trudging home. It is reminiscent of earlier renditions of seasons. Which of the following als
Limbourg Brothers' Les Tr�s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
In D�rer's The Great Piece of Turf, he has created a precise and scientifically accurate rendering of a small botanical landscape. Which of the following artists also heeded this notion of "observation yielded truth"?
Leonardo
Which of the following made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16th century?
Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium
the Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines thi
Iconclasm
In Gr�newald's Isenheim Altarpiece, the artist has used specific references, saints and symbols to depict pain, suffering, and salvation and redemption. Which of the following symbols can be interpreted to mean the Son of God?
lamb
Why is Saint Anthony prominently featured in the Isenheim Altarpiece?
his association with diseases and miraculous cures
In Pieter Aertsen's Meat Still-Life, the artist has created what appears to be a descriptive genre scene, a butcher's shop displaying its products, as well as fish and pretzels. This work also has embedded within it which of the following?
religious references
In the Money Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist has given us an image of a professional man transacting business. Massys has provided insight into which of the following?
the secular life of the Netherlands
The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?
Caterina van Hemessen
In Brugel's Netherlandish Proverbs, the artist has depicted the Netherlands obsession with proverbs. The Scene is busy with a topsy-turvy multiplicity of figures and activities. It is reminiscent of which of the following artists?
Bosch
In El Greco's Burial of Count Orgaz, the artist has successfully merged his early and late styles. He combined elongated figures and rich color in this one work. Which of the following describes his early and late styles?
Late Byzantine and Venetian 16th Century
Which artist that did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?
Pieter Bruegal
The Great Piece of Turf is which of the following?
nonreligious still life
Knight, Death, and the Devil is a metaphor for which of the following?
the knight as a soldier of God
Which of the following artists specialized in portraiture?
Hans Holbein
Spain in the sixteenth century supported which of the following? the
the Counter-Reformation
What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's French Ambassadors?
Skull
Which of the following characterizes grunewalds Isenheim Altarpiece
It is an exacting rendering of anguish
Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?
Pieter Bruegal
In the 17th century the clergy rejected the central plans Bramante designed for St. Peter's during the Renaissance. Paul V commissioned Maderno to add three Nave bias to the nucleus of the basilica. Which of the following is the primary rationale for the
The central plans are associated with pagan Buildings
Bernini's Baldacchino serves both functional and symbolic purposed. it provides a dramatic and compelling visual presentation for the interior of St. Peter's. Which of the following is also one of the symbolic purposes of the Baldacchino
The columns invoke the past
Bernini was commissioned to replace a dangerous stairway in the Vatican. He created a highly sophisticated design that was dramatic and dynamic. This design repeated on a smaller scale the grand processional sequence found in St. Peter's. Which of the fol
Scala Regia
Bernini's statue of David differs from previous generations of this depiction. His David seems to be moving through time and space. Which of the following would support this description?
The pivoting motion of the figure implies the movement through space and time.
Caravaggio's Conversion of St. Paul presents the same dynamic emotion and dramatic religious fervor with the use of eloquent pictorial devices and stage lighting in much the same way as in which of the following works of art?
Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa
Velasquez was the court painter for Philip IV. He accompanied the king to Fraga during the Aragonese campaign. While there he painted Philip's portrait, it is known as the Fraga Philip. Due to the dynastic inbreeding in the Hapsburg line, Philip inherited
He focused attention of the cloak and baldric worn by the king by making them shimmer
Velasquez held the titles of the First Painter to the King and which of the following
Chief Steward of the Palace
Which city has been generally credited with the birth of the Baroque style
Rome
The roman catholic response to the reformation was formulated at which of the following
council of trent
which of the following artists influenced the work of Artemisia Gentileschi
Caravaggio
During the 17th century the worldwide market place was rapidly changing. By establishing a system that allowed merchant firms to hold money on account, traders no longer had to carry precious metals as a form of payment for trade goods. Which of the follo
transfer banking
In Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, he has clustered the participants on the left side and has placed Dr. Tulp on the right side with the diagonally placed foreshortened corpse disrupting the strict horizontal, planar orientation.
The subjects were placed evenly across the canvas
In contrast to Caravaggio's Conversion of St. Paul, Rembrandt's Return of the Prodigal Son can be said to be which of the following
it was not opulent
Rubens has synthesized the styles of three Italian artists in his Elevation of the Cross. Which of the following are those three artists?
Michelangelo, Tintoretto, and Caravaggio
Poussin was fascinated by ancient Rome and Italian Renaissance cultures. In his Et in Arcadia Ego that fascination has been translated into a visual text illustrating rational order and classicism. It is reminiscent of which of the following
Raphael
Which of the following were among the most important concerns of philosophers, scientists, and artists of the baroque period
The depiction of space, motion, and time
How did Georges de la Tour eliminated dogmatic significance and traditional iconographic meaning in his Adoration of the Shepherds
the absence of halos
Which of the following artists was most closely associated with the style known as classical Baroque?
Poussin
Vermeer was known to have used which of the following tools?
camera obscura
What is the name of the specific style of Rococo painting that depicted the outdoor amusements and entertainments of the upper classes?
Fete galante
The Return from Cythera represents a group of lovers preparing to depart from the island of eternal youth. Watteau emphasized that elegance and grace using which of the following?
color
At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. One taught that form was the most important element in the painting and the other taught that color was the most important element. Which doctrine did the Roc
doctrine of color
Which of the following works functions as an "altarpiece" for the new civic religion of inspiring the viewer with the martyr's dedication to service?
Death of Marat
Neoclassicism invoked classical references of patriotism and trust in unshakable authority serving imperial agendas. Which of the following leaders embraced these aspects of Neoclassicism?
Napoleon
Which of the following eighteenth-century philosophers stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings and was an important forerunner of the Romantic sensibility?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?
Voltaire
The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?
Jacques-Louis David
the term "sublime" was considered to inspire which of the following feelings?
Awe mixed with terror
Which of the following artists represented what was called the "sublime" in eighteenth-century art?
Henry Fuseli
In Courbet's The Stonebreakers it has been said that he reveals to the viewer the drudgery of manual labor. What technique did he use to convey this message
use of a palette of dirty browns and greys
which of the following artists had firsthand knowledge and experience of the American Civil war?
Winslow Homer
The French viewing public were greatly horrified b Manet's "Olympia not only because of the portrayal of a naked prostitute as a work of art but also due to which of the following.
her look of cool indifference and shamelessness
Muybridge used his device, the zoopraxiscope to project a series of images. Based on the motion studies he performed. Muybridge proved that the brain holds what of a second after the eye stops seeing it. The illusion of motion was created. Which of the fo
The illusion of continuous change
Courbet preferred to paint which of the following themes?
realistic scenes as he saw them
which of the following artists was most concerned with painting realistic scenes of poor and oppressed peoples?
Courbet
Gericault's "Raft" of the Medusa" represents which of the following?
The aftermath of the nineteenth- century French shipwreck and was considered an attack on government ineptitude.
la Madeleine in Paris was intended for which of the following purposes?
a Temple of glory for Napoleon's Armies.
The great "Romantic diaglogue" about color and form was carried on in the famous contest between which of the following artists?
Delacroix and Ingres.
Timothy O'Sullican documented which of the following wars?
American Civil War
Who among the following artists liked to paint images of Roman tic Transcendental landscape?
Friedrich
What did Thomas Eakins Believe was a prerequisite for his art?
knowledge
The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time?
Classical culture
Which of the following cities was considered the rightful capital of the Roman Catholic Church?
Rome
Giotto's Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend?
the virgin is solid and has mass
This artist projected on a flat surface the illusion of space. He also projected the illusion of solid bodies moving though that space. This description describes which of the following artists?
Giotto
Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?
Giotto
Which of the following is a manifestation of the commitment to private prayer?
Book of Hours
Emerging capitalism led to urban prosperity. This prosperity led to a growing interest in which of the following art types?
secular portraits
In 1401 an important competition was held to determine the design of the Baptistery doors for the
Cathedral of Florence. Even at this early date Renaissance traits were evident. Which of the following
is one of those traits?
a new pictorial illusionism
Ghiberti's competitive panel for the Baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical
references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on
Ghiberti's panel?
the names figure of isaac
Donatello was commissioned to create five statues for the bell tower (Campanile) of Florence
Cathedral. How did he design these figures in relation to the height factor?
with subtly calculated distortions
In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the
ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this?
It marks the human presence on earth
In Masaccio's Trinity there is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following?
roman triumphal arch
In Masaccio's Trinity, he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on
observation. Which of the following is the other?
It is the application of mathematics to pictorial
organization of perspective.
In Masaccio's Trinity, the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?
at the foot of the cross
Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the
Florence Baptistery?
Ghiberti
The development of linear perspective is generally credited to ____________.
Brunelleschi
Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art
forms in the early fifteenth century?
Florence
Which of the following was the most prominent patron of fifteenth-century Florentine art?
medici family
The Classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into Western art by the
sculptor ______________
Donatello
Which of the following describes the style of Fra Angelico?
simple and direct
Leonardo painted the Virgin of the Rocks, and it is said this work is a masterpiece in expressing emotional states. He modeled the figures with light and shadow-- a technique he learned from earlier works. Which 15th century Italian artist would have infl
Masaccio
Leonardo's style fully emerges in the cartoon, Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint
The cartoon is ordered with pictorial logic and visual unity.
In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curved pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the
following?
a halo
In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography?
By the placement
of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other Disciples
How did Michelangelo's David become a political statement?
The placement of figure near the west
door of the Palazzo della Signoria
How has Michelangelo portrayed David?
With stern watchfulness before the battle
The Sistine ceiling represents which of the following themes?
the chronology of Christianity
In the scene, Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling God and Adam confront each other in
the primordial void. Adam is part of the earth while the Lord transcends the earth. Which of the following interpretations best describes this depiction?
the humanist interpretation of the event
Of the following, who was one of the most important Roman patrons of Michelangelo?
Julius II
Which of the following was one of the favorite compositional devices of painters of the High
Renaissance?
pyramid
In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would de
each figure was individualized
The term terribilita is most often used to refer to who?
michelangelo
Which sculptor believed that the artist must proceed by first finding the idea�the image�locked in the stone and then release it by chipping away the stone?
michelangelo
Which of the following sculptural conventions did Michelangelo use for the figure of Moses in order
to create an expression of "awful wrath"?
The bulging muscles and swollen veins of the figure
The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ___________.
Rome
How does the Isenheim Altarpiece represent suffering and salvation?
He used color to contrast that suffering with salvation and hope. The shocking dissonant colors were employed for the depictions of pain and suffering while subtle tonalities and harmonies were used to depict hope and salvation.
What is allegory and how is it used in art?
It is that practice of imbuing narratives, images, or figures with symbolic meaning in order to convey moral principles and philosophical ideas. In art these allegories are used as elegant shorthand to create images that have layers of meaning.
How did the work of Hogarth present a "moral tone"?
He presented the immoralities of the elite, documenting their vices and their failures. He presented his work as a series of chapters in a book or scenes from a play. The viewer follows the characters, visually, through their mean and dishonest lives.
What is the interpretation of Goya's Saturn Devouring his Children?
Goya became increasingly pessimistic and disillusioned and with declining health he began a series of works called the Black Paintings. This particular work is from that series. Some have interpreted this as the artist's despair over the passage of time w
Briefly describe Realism in the United States
The notion of depicting the realities of modern life resonated well in the United States. Artists provided significant commentary on the Civil War and the subsequent aftermath. They portrayed American scientific advancements and medical understanding. The