TERMS for 1st sheet
-Sculpture in the Round (think nude woman)
-Portable
-Twisted Perspective (humans/animals are profile but feet are facing towards the viewer)
-Narrative (telling a story)
-Abstraction
-Shaman- (someone who is believed in some cultures to be able to use ma
Nude Woman (aka Venus of Willendorf)
Paleolithic Period, 28,000-25,000 BC , Limestone.
3d sculpture, in the round (nothing flat), 4 1/2 inches tall, red pigment- polychrome, we know that it is a sculpture of a woman bc of breasts, vagina, & hips. Role- represents fertility in a woman, exagge
Hall of Bulls
Lascaux Cave, France, Paleolithic Period, 15,000-13,000 BC, cave painting
painters' sole concern was representing the animals, not locating them in a specific place or on a common ground line, composition- animals, they are painted from side, they are pro
Spotted Horses and Human Hands
Peche-Merle Cave, France, Paleolithic Period, 22,000 BC, cave painting
Horses are in strict profile, painted hands are "negative" meaning the painter placed his hand on the wall and then brushed or blew or spat pigment around it, leaving an outline. "Posi
Stonehenge
England, Neolithic Period, 2550-1600 BC, stone
henge- meaning circle of stones. Made from sandstone, time is the aspect- solstice- astrological events- movements of sun and stars. Can be seen as religious or ceremonial. Solar calendar and astronomical obs
TERMS for 2nd sheet
MESOPOTAMIA
-Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
POLYTHEISTIC- MANY GODS
SUMER
-Cuneifrom (Latin for "wedge- shaped". also a system of writing used in ancient mesopotamia producing wedge shaped characters)
-ziggurat (samarian temples "mountain top")
-Nanna-Sin (m
Ziggurat
Ur (Modern Day Iraq), Sumerian Period, 2100 BC, Mud-brick.
Samarian temples, made of mud brick, religious leaders go on top, had a lot of gold, nanna sin- moon goddess. The bigger the place, the greater the city. Home of the biblical Abraham
Warka Vase
Sumerian Period, 3200-3000 BC, Alabaster
Easy material to carve, LOW RELIEF, divided into 3 parts, register found in temple dedicated to Goddess of love and war (Inanna) , top of register contains most important people. Wavy lines represent water. Animals
Victory of Stela (of Naram-Sin)
Akkadian Period, 2250 BC, Sandstone
It's a landscape (puts figures on staggered levels), carved with inscriptions and reliefs, King is big and important, they are on a mountain. Naram- Sin is leading his army up a mountain- closer to God- ladder to heaven
Stela with Law Code
Babylonian Period, 1780 BC, Basalt
King and God standing and sitting, Foreshortening. Hammurabi stands before Shamash (flame shouldered sun god), god extends to Hammurabi the rod and ring that symbolizes authority.
Terms for 3rd Sheet
NILE RIVER
LOWER EGYPT- Papyrus
UPPER EGYPT- Lotus Blossom
HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING
-pictographs
KA (soul)
MASTABA
SERDAB
SARCOPHAGUS
KHUFU (2551-2528 BC)
KHAFRE (2520-2494 BC)
MENKAURE (2490-2472 BC)
NEGATIVE SPACE
SUNKEN RELIEF
NEFERTITI
ANKH
EGYPTIAN GODS:
Palette of Narmer
Predynastic Period, 3000 BC, Slate
profile is aerial and combined. Big guy in the middle- hat- symbol of upper egypt, bulls tail- kind strength, beard, falcon- sky god protector of kings. This has a ceremonial, ritualistic function- offering to god. Maybe
Great Pyramids
Giza, Old Kingdom Period, 2551-2472 BC, Granite and Limestone
Front faced East (sun rising) Rah- sun God,- pyramid raise to the sun, stairway to heaven, these are the biggest remaining ones, stones are 2 tons each- 2.3 million stones. Showed wealth for Ki
Khafre
Old Kingdom Period, 2520-2494 BC, Diorite
Ka Statne, stone is hard and lasts forever, found 400 miles away from egypt, composition- very compact. hugged form falcon, protected. Side of throne- lions heads- papyrus and lotus flowers- lower egypt. king is
Hatshepsut
New Kingdom Period, 1473- 1458 BC, Limestone
6 1/2 ft tall, married to pharaoh who died, Didn't have a son, so she wants to be Pharaoh- YAS BISH, she wears headdress and kilt to represent her time as an amazing ruler (for 2 decades)
Akhenaten and His Family
Amarna Period (New Kingdom Period), 1350 BC, Painted Limestone
Pushes Egypt to be a monotheistic culture, son and soul prophet of sun disk, not an idealistic sculpture (13ft tall) Wife's name means the beautiful one- Nefertiti, the babies are weird lookin
Inner Coffin of King Tutamkamun
New Kingdom Period, 1323 BC, Gold and Precious Stones
innermost coffin, 1/4-1/2 ton of gold, ruled Egypt for a decade, represents limitless wealth, power, and and pride.
TERMS for 4th sheet
CHRONOLOGY:
GEOMETRIC 900-700BC
ARCHAIC 600-480 BC
EARLY CLASSICAL 480-450 BC
HIGH CLASSICAL 450-400 BC
LATE CLASSICAL 400-320 BC
HELLENISTIC
FAIENCE
BLACK FIGURE PAINTING
RED FIGURE PAINTING
SLIP
FORESHORTENING
PERSIA
CONTRAPPOSTO (COUNTER-BALANCE)
-enga
Dipylon Krater
Geometric Period, 740 BC, terra-cotta
made for mixing wine and water, 3 1/2 ft tall, named for the abstract motifs on vessels, there is a mourning scene, honors deceased, found on top of a grave, there is a key geometric pattern on the top rim
Achilles and Ajax Playing a Dice Game
EXEKIAS, Archaic Period, 540-530 BC, Painted Ceramic
black figured faces by Exekias, lots of gravity and tension in this
Herkales Wrestling Antaios
Euphronios, Archaic Period, 510 BC, painted ceramic
Euphronios was a famous red figure painter, Herkales was a great Greek Hero, and Antaios was a giant. Antaios was son of the Earth. The giant's face has a mask of pain, but A possesses a lot of strength
Kroisos
Archaic Period, 530 BC, Marble
6'4", sculpture is smiling, a lot more defined. The sculptor put the human body in a more naturalistic stance, the face is more rounded, the cheeks are swelling, fleshy hips. The smile tells the viewer that this person is al
Peplos Kore
Archaic Period, 530 BC, Marble
has preserved paint, is smiling, she is wearing four different garments- ones that only goddesses wear, the sculptor rendered the female body in a nice, soft, naturalistic form
TERMS for 5th sheet
PORTRAIT
IDEALISM
NATURALISM
AXIS MUNDI= WORLD AXIS
HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING
BLOODLETTING (AKA AUTOSACRIFICE)
MEXICA
HUITZILOPOCHTLI
SERPENT MOUNTAIN (COATEPEC)
GREAT TEMPLE (TEMPLO MAYOR)
TERMS for 6th sheet
...
Warrior
Early Classical, 460-450 BCE, Bronze
older more mature man, naturalistic head, idealized body, medium- bronze, "lost wax process", eyes are inlaid and hips are copper
Spear Bearer
POLYKLEITOS, High Classical Period, 450-440 BC (original), marble, copy (bronze original)
golden age of greek culture, strut supports sculpture, idealized, sought to portray the perfect man. spear bearer is a modern descriptive title for the statue
Parthenon
(in the Acropolis, Athens), Kallikrates and Iktinos, Greece, High Classical Period, 447-438 BC, Marble
2y+1=x, by-product of tyranny and the abuse of power, "the perfect temple",
Battle of Lapith and Centaur
(metope relief from Parthenon), High Classical Period, 447-438 BC, marble
battle between barbaric monsters and civilized Greeks, relief is so hight that parts have fallen off. theres lots of expression in compostition
Aphrodite of Knidos
Praxiteles, Late Classical Period, 350-340 BC (original), marble copy
Naked woman- very unusual. 6'8" ft tall, soft and radiant flesh, dewy eyes. first nude statue of a Greek Goddess
The Gods vs. The Giants
(from the altar of Zeus) Pergamon, Hellenisitic PD, 175 BC, Marble
athena is attacking the giants, EVIL GIANTS, high relief, expressionism,
Winged Victory (Nike) of Samothrace
Hellenistic Period, 190 BC, marble
Placed on a hill to celebrate victory, standing on a boat, the boat is moving- notice the detail of her wet dress and flowing fabric and hair. this was a very blockbuster sculpture. WOW
Laocoon
Republican Period, 1st century CE, marble
8ft tall, Hellenistic- the facial expressions, 1st century from story of trojan war
Dionysiac Mystery Frieze
Republican Period, 60-50 BC, Fresco
looks like a dimensional space, foreshortening , acting out initiation
Augustus of Primaporta
Early Empire Period, 1st C CE, copy of bronze original, marble l portrait of augustus, idealized, never aging youth, he is the commander in chief (look at his stance and arm) he is addressing his troops. relief on breast plate celebrate victory.- these sm
The Colosseum
Rome, Early Empire Period, 70-80 CE, concrete and marble
get support from people to watch spectacles, 76 doors, marble seats, arena for gladiator combats. can hold 50000 people.
Arch of Titus/ Spoils of Jerusalem
Early Empire Period, 81 CE, concrete with marble
HIGH RELIEF,
Pantheon
Rome, High Empire Period, 118-125 CE, concrete and marble
dedicated to all gods, emphasis not on building itself but rather the space inside. The space is lighter and thinner towards the top of the building, the interior is highly decorated. It became a c
Marcus Aurelius
High Empire Period, 175 CE, Bronze
Equestrian statue, originally identified as statue of constantine, proportions are strange- man is almost bigger than the horse. He has a stoic and mature looking face
The Tetrarchs
Late Empire Period, 305 CE, porphyry
tetra meaning 4, 4 guys running roman empire, no clear facial expression, they all look the same, each are embracing each other looking fearful, looking weary- clutching swords, there is a lack of confidence, they're w
Head of Constantine
Late Empire, 315-330 CE, Marble
8 1/2 ft tall, giant eyeballs looking up, nose and chin are individualized & everything else is stylized
Temple of Ramses II
Abu Simbel, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE. Sandstone, colossi 65' high. . The rock-cut colossal images dominate the facade of this mortuary temple. osiris- god of the dead and giver of the eternal life. Ramses was the greatest paroah of the new k
Interior of the temple of Ramses II
Abu Simbel, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE. Sandstone, pillar Statues 32' high.
Hypostyle hall
temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE