Gothic
style of church architecture that developed in medieval FRANCE which has:
-ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, tall spires
-religious images/symbolism
-mystical/dark
arcade
An arched, covered passageway forming the lowest part of a wall elevation of a church
Stained-glass windows
During the middle ages, they told stories from the bible in these pictures and made gothic churches more mysterious/mystical/spiritual (dark).
nave
the central area of a church that, in this style, was very high and thin
-thought height would be completive and also please God.
pointed arch
An arch with a pointed crown, characteristic of Gothic architecture.
-point eyes up
ribbed vault
a web of ribs supports (narrow, projecting band), or seems to support the vault
-keeps the eye moving
-structural
vault
a set of arches that supports the roof of a building (arched ceiling hallway)
flying buttress
a buttress that stands apart from the main structure and connected to it by an arch
-support "weak" inside
-add lightness to exterior
colonette
a small, relatively thin columns, often used for decoration in gothic church interiors
Cluster pier
architectural term given to a clustered column that are engaged on a central mass "column
triforium
A narrow passage in the thickness of the wall with arches opening onto the nave. Between arcade and clerestory
clerestory
A row of windows in the upper part of a wall.
spire
Tapering structure, associated with church steeples that is VERY tall in gothic architecture
rose window
tall
Gothic cathedrals were very ______ to give off a sense of transcendence while also reaching for the heavens and making others jealous of the spectacle.
Latin cross plan
A cross-shaped building plan, incorporating one longer stem (nave) and three arms of equal length
=Christian symbolism
Italo-Byzantine style
Style that was a mixture of Byzantine (eastern) icon style with French and Italian medieval painting
-Byz: Gold backgrounds, unrealistic proportions.
-returns to this style during plague bc no time for creativity
Early Renaissance (1300)
STYLE: a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture followed by this movement spreading
-They develop an understanding of depth of emotion and of space
-in italy
Giotto (1300)
ITALIAN: An painter who led the way into realism
STYLE:
-weighted/full figures
-emotional figures
-point to subject
-frescos
-less going on in background
Cimabue (1300)
ITALIAN: of first artists to break away from Italio-Byzantine style in Florence
STYLE:
-flat/2d
-no emotions
-more formless
-weightless figures
Arena Chapel (1300)
Where lamentation and last judgement are that were painted by Giotto.
-commissioned by rich guy in Padua
Donatello (1400)
ITALIAN: sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style
STYLE:
-natural/almost moving/lifelike figures
-not v. emotional
-* historical figures
Masaccio (1400)
ITALIAN: a painter
STYLE:
-a lot going on (/everywhere covered)
-colorful
-perspective
-not super detailed
-overlapping but separate people
-more background
Brancacci Chapel (1400)
Where tribute money is
Continuous narrative
portrayal of the same figure or character at different stages in a story that is depicted in a single artistic space
scientific perspective
This term describes art where lines appear to converge and eventually disappear at a point on the horizon
orthogonals
Lines in the painting that direct the eye to the vanishing point in scientific perspective
Atmospheric perspective
Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away.
Renaissance
The rebirth of antiquity (roman and Greek ideas)
Antiquity
ancient times usually referring to Greek and Roman cultures/ideas
Chiaroscuro
the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting to make the illusion of depth
Fresco
a painting done on plaster
Indulgence
A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
-paying their way out of hell
Blue sky
important in early Renaissance painting because it showed that painters were much more focused on our realm than the godly (gold) realm
Putti
The Angels in paintings that showcase emotions
patrons
in the renaissance, ________ wanted to be seen in their paintings bc wanted to show their money (humanism)
Northern Renaissance Art (1400)
STYLE: attention to detail, tendency towards realism & naturalism, interest in landscapes, emphasis on peasant and middle-class life, details of domestic interior, and great skill in portraiture
-relatable subjects/settings
-in Flanders
triptych
A three-paneled painting or altarpiece.
Robert Campin
FLEMISH: One of the earliest masters of oil painting.
STYLE:
-crazy tiny details
-symbolism everywhere
-no emotions
-represents bible in modern setting
-v. intense folds of clothes
Merode altarpiece by Campin
Northern/1400
(disguised symbolism, detailed, v. small)
polyptych
many-paneled altarpiece
Disguised symbolism
object in the room to represent something religious
Jan Van Eyck (1400)
FLEMISH: painter who was a founder of modern techniques of oil painting
STYLE:
-no emotions
-detailed
-texture captured
-darker/mysterious
-detail in setting (if there)
illusionism
the artistic skill or trick of making something look real
-like looking through a window
-used in renaissance
grisaille
a painting done in neutral shades of gray to simulate the look of sculpture or piece of architecture
Medici
Very powerful and controlling family in Florence than patroned the _________ palace
Renaissance Secular Art
Art period during the renaissance in which artists are focusing more on people (humanism) and their individual/special features
STYLE: In italy
-nudes, portraits...
rustication
Heavy stonework with a surface left rough used principally on Renaissance buildings.
-shows stability at bottom of Medici palace
Venice
Very important, poetic,. and suggestive center for art in the later Italian renaissance
Giorgione (1500)
ITALIAN: oil painter
STYLE:
-curved body of women
-innocence v. sin
-nature w. natural body
-less defined/outlined figures
Titian
ITALIAN: oil painter taught by other nude
STYLE:
-angular/* face
-more defined outlines/figures
-dark v. light
-nudes
reclining nude
Established during the Renaissance. They emphasize the beauty and honesty of the nude human form. Occasionally suggests the sensuality of the nude.
Francesca (1500)
ITALIAN: secular painter (oil)
STYLE:
-no emotion on subjects
-mathematical/precise
-outlined/clear figures
Uccello (1500)
PAINTER:
-on horseback/battle
-war painter
High Renaissance (1500)
A period that produced some of the most well-known religious and secular artwork of the period that perfection and culmination of early Ren. styles
-from such figures as Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello Raphael, and Michelangelo.
Leonardo da Vinci (1500)
ITALIAN: the ultimate Ren. Man that was interested in everything (inventor, painter...)
STYLE:
-subtle shading/blending (used sfumato)
-everything based on geometry (used pyramidal figure placement)
-believes in art from observation: emotions...
Pyramidal composition
In the High Renaissance, it was a composition in painting or sculpture which was based upon the pyramid.
-calmness and stability (appealed to the viewer's sense of logic)
-developing its space or perspective
-shows refinement of triangular idea used in ea
sfumato
Italian for "smoky", technique used to blend details to look more realistic
Centrally planned (1500)
Da Vinci liked, drew, but never built ________ churches bc:
-circle = perfection of God
-what he read about them
-geometric
body
Da Vinci liked to draw examination of the _____ (like this analysis of the human body)
plants
Da Vinci liked to draw examination of ________ (shows his interests in many things)