Mannerism
Sophisticated and elegant compositions within poses, proportions, and gestures became exaggerated for emotional effect; from Italian di maniera meaning charm
Baroque
European artistic style characterized by extravagance and emotional intensity; known more of the matter of religious.
Rococo
power and extravagance of the European ruling classes. Organic shapes and lines with gentle colors like pastels, gold, and white, intimate, late baroque
Neoclassicism
Response to Rococo excesses, Exemplify civic responsibility and convey a moral message. Idealized bodies and classical architecture, classic, sharp outlines
Romanticism
Reflects revolutionary beliefs in liberty, equality, and humanity, Emotional elements contain movement and drama, concerned with power of imagination and greatly valuing intense feeling
Invention of Photography
invented in 1830, "part art part science", many fathers of photography French and English, quickly became accessible to everyday people for everyday use
Modernism
A radically new twentieth-century architectural movement that embraced modern industrial materials and a machine aesthetic
Realism
Depicted modern-day subjects. Figures realistic rather than idealistic
Impressionism
Quick, sketch-like brushstrokes. Captured spontaneous moments. Often painted outdoors.
Post-Impressionism
Exploring new scientific theories, and used abstraction and the distortion of form and color to express emotion, rejects impressionistic idea of capturing the essence of everyday life
Art Nouveau
new art" in French. Organic flowing lines, simulating forms of nature, emphasized importance of traditionally lesser arts
Fauvism
A group of French artists whose paintings used vivid colors, influenced by Van Gough and Gauguin
Futurism
An artistic and social movement, passionately in favor of everything modern, originated in Italy
German Expressionism
typically distorted color, scale and space to convey their subjective feelings about what they saw. became a bitter protest movement as well as a style of modern art.
Cubism
Art movement that favored new perspective emphasizing geometric forms. Done by Picasso and Braque.
Analytic Cubism
almost impossible to figure out the images in the paintings. Seen from various points of view (simultaneity).
Synthetic Cubism
artwork became more generalized and more geometrically simplified and flatter, later cubism
Dada
Anarchic anti-art and anti-war movement, that revealed in absurdity and irrationality. Rational thought that led to war.
Surrealism
An artistic movement in the 20's and later, the art of which was inspired by dreams and the subconscious.
Abstract Expressionism
characterized by its capacity to convey intense emotions using non-representational images.
Action Painting
dripping, splashing, or smearing paint onto the canvas. Very large and abstract paintings.
Color Field
Chromatic abstraction, Some deal with own inner psychology/issues, Many address plight or gender relations after WW11 (and women working in factories) ex= Rothko
Pop
mid-twentieth century artistic movement inspired by commercial art forms and popular culture
Minimalism
An approach to making art that is non-representational by its very nature. uses neutral textures, geometric shapes, flat colors, and even mechanical construction in order to strip away any form of emotion or meaning, reaction against abstract expressionis
Photorealism
a genre of art that encompasses painting, drawing and other graphic media, in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in another medium, super realism, almost indistinguishable from a phot
Contemporary Art
art media from hybrid combinations. film, performance, events accepted as art.
Hybrid Media/Post-Medium Condition (Contemporary Art)
art became a global phenomenon in terms of exposure, influence, and production, pluralism
Pointillism
A late nineteenth-century painting style using short strokes or points of differing colors that optically combine to form new perceived colors, devised by George Seurat
Tenebrism
dramatic use of intense darkness and light to heighten the impact of a painting.
Readymade
Ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified. By simply choosing the object and re-positioning or joining, titling and signing it, the object became art; innovated the use of non-art objects as raw materials. away of rebelling again
Collage
a work of art assembled by gluing materials, often paper, onto a surface, from the French "coller" to glue
Combine
to join together
Automatic drawing
suppressing conscious control to access subconscious sources of creativity and truth.
Marianne" (in the context of French Romanticism)
is one of the most prominent symbols of the French Republic, and is officially used on most government documents. s a significant republican symbol, opposed to monarchy, and an icon of freedom and democracy against all forms of dictatorship.
David (in the Biblical and art-historical contexts)
Biblical hero, favored subject in art of Florence
Genre painting
categories of artistic subject matter, often with strongly influential histories and traditions.
French Academy
decided on the "official" art for France. It set the standards under the supervision of a select group of member artists, who were deemed worthy by their peers and the State. The Academy determined what was good art, bad art and even dangerous art.
Versailles
a magnificent example of late French Baroque architecture (Rococo), is the most famous royal cellar in France. The gigantic scale of this exemplifies the architectural theme of 'creation by division'- which expresses the fundamental values of Baroque art
the impact of WWI on art history
issues of gender/gender relations after WW11 such as women working in factories
French Revolution
flanked by Rococo and Neoclassicism
Fete galante
a category of painting created by the French Academy in 1717 to describe Antoine Watteau's variation of the fete champetre
Enfant terrible
a person whose unconventional or controversial behavior or ideas shock, embarrass, or annoy others.
Reformation
Protestants broke away from Catholic church, catholic and protestant beliefs were reflected in the art of the Italian renaissance and the northern renaissance
Counter-Reformation
An attempt to define further the beliefs of catholics in opposition to the protestants, Translated natural appearances to geometric forms.
Sigmund Freud's influence on art
his thoughts led to surrealism, he considered dreams and imagination as central rather than marginal to human thought. To express for the first time in images his discovery of the typical dream with a lengthy narrative, the consequence of the instantaneou
Rubens
Flemish, Baroque painter, Produced about 2,000 paintings in his lifetime, Operated a large workshop in Antwerp
"Raising of the Cross installed in churches
Hugo Ball
a German actor and anarchist, dada art movement, opened a nightclub where artists and writers could meet and preform. In picture he looks like a Cubist painting from one of his poems he read.
Cole
American, Romanticism, Founder of the Hudson River School, famous for painting landscapes
Painting: "The Oxbow dramatic" vantage point from which to view the twisting Connecticut River.
Warhol
American, Pop art, addresses popular culture, reflects the boom on consumerism and advertising in America after WWII, Graphic designer in advertising.
Used Mona Lisa to create a piece: "Thirty is Better Than One" using silkscreen
Dali
Spanish, surrealist painter, Common themes are sexual desire and fear.
Oil canvas painting: "Persistence of Memory
Rembrandt
Dutch, tenebrism, Popular artist the went bankrupt in old age.
Oil canvas: "The Night Watch" example of his fine approach on a group portrait.
Vermeer
Dutch, Baroque, Subtly includes religion in his painting.
Oil on canvas: "Woman Holding a Balance
Gauguin
French painter, post-impressionism, successful stockbroker but then a painter. He became interested in symbolism, wanted more substance and solidity than impressionism
Oil on canvas: "The Vision after the Sermon
Van Gogh
Dutch, post-impressionism, Built on Impressionism with use of color, Intense, high-key colors, Loose brushwork with heavy impasto, expresses strong emotions and painted the emotions he saw not images.
Oil on canvas: "Starry Night
Jackson Pollock
American, abstract expressionist, Action: drip and drizzled, using sticks, walked on painting "Jack the dripper"Unrolled canvas onto the floor to move about freely. He was an action painter.
Oil on canvas: "Mural
Matisse
key figure in the developmemt of modern art, French artist, explored the expressive nature of color and form, influential and unique style, expressive forms, decorative style, bold use of color Study the expressive potential of color in relation to form.
Picasso
Spanish artist, Known for handle form and shape. Discovered new depictions of human figures. Rather than recreating what is actually seen he makes it more abstract, Cubism
Oil on Canvas:" Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" (with Braque "Glass and Bottle of Suze")
Caravaggio
Italian artist, innovated approach, every day genere scenes, tenebrism, At a young age he was receiving church commissions for his paintings. Uses darks in his paintings to express violence and bloodshed
Oil on canvas: "Judith Decapitating Holofernes" (la
Kandinsky
Russian, one of the first artist to make non-objective or completely abstract paintings, Oil on canvas: "Improvisation #30" (inspired by talk of war before World War I began)
Braque
French artist, inspired by post-impressionist, worked with Picasso to develop cubism, Focuses on geometry of the setting in his paintings.
Oil on canvas: "Houses at L'Estaque
Rothko
Russian abstract expressionist, Originally interested in Surrealism but moved on to form and color. Didn't give his work title because he wants us to look deeply into it and respond individually.
Oil on canvas: "Untitled
Judd
american minimalist, abandoned painting for abstract sculpture. Preferred sculpting because it actually is something rather than just a painting on a canvas.
Stainless steel and plexiglass: "Untitled
Gericault
French, social protests through art He studied this boat accident that off the coast of West Africa and interviewed the survivors, studied the dead people, and even had a replica of the raft build in his studio.
Oil on canvas: "Raft of Medusa
Marcel Duchamp
French artist, earliest kinesthetic artwork, responsible for readymades, kinetic sculptures, and conceptual art, dada art movement, Career combined Cubism's figures, broken into geometric plans with Futurism's emphasis on movement.
Oil on canvas: "Nude De
Courbet
French painter, Realism, Credited for first using the term "realist" to describe his own work. He said it was more meaningful to paint people and things in everyday life.
Oil on canvas: "Stonebreakers
Manet
French painter, modern painter, rejected early approach, Revolutionized painting in the way it portrayed charcters from the modern world and transformed the painting surface.
Oil on canvas: "Luncheon on the Grass
Monet
French, His painting was at the first Impressionist exhibitions.
Oil on canvas: "Impression Sunrise
Gentileschi
Italian, Baroque painter, Influenced by Caravaggio paintings of detailed realism. Same scene as Caravaggio. Focusing on the forearms to show strong power.
Oil on canvas: "Judith Decapitating Holofernes" (fat lady cutting off head on bed)
Goya
Spanish painter, The paintings questioned his personal views and the wild history of the time.
Oil on canvas: "Family of Charles IV and The Third of May
Velasquez
Spanish artist, Some viewed him as offensive to women's rights. Richardson attacked the painting and slashed it seven times.
Oil on canvas: "Rokeby Venus
Watteau
French painter, his brief career spurred the revival of interest in color and movement (in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens), and revitalized the waning Baroque idiom, which eventually became known as Rococo.
Cassatt
American painter. Making similar pieces to Japanese printmaker, Kitagawa Utamaro. Daily lives of women in her paintings.
Oil on canvas: "The Child's Bath
Degas
Impressionist, Well known for his paintings and pastels of female subjects, including laundresses, prostitutes, singers, and bathers. Expresses the everyday life of a dancer.
Oil on canvas: "Blue Dancers