Chapter 20 (pg.324-339)

Neoclassicism

This style emerged in 18th-century France, within the enlightenment movement. The philosophers and artists, who believed in the power of reason, turned to ancient greece and rome for the ideas and artistic models.

Jacques-Louis David

one of the artists who led the way to revolutions in both art and politics he was a painter.

Oath of the Horattie

Jacques-Louis David. 1784. Oil on canvas. David pioneered Neoclassicism with this painting. tells the story of civic virture, patriotism and readiness to die for liberty by referring to the history or ancient rome.

Angelica Kauffmann

Born in Switzerland and trained by her father, she spent six years in italy before settling in london in 1768. She was elected a full member of the British Royal Academy two years later, the last woman to be so honored until the 1920s.

Cornelia, Pointing to her children as her treasures

Angelica Kauffmann. 1785. Oil on canvas. done during the Neoclassical style.

Thomas Jefferson

American statesman architect who spent five years in Europe as minister to France. also designed buildings with the neoclassical spirit Monticello and University of Virginia.

Monticello

Thomas Jefferson. Charlottesville, Virginia. 1793-1806. based on Palladios renaissance reinterpretation of roman country style houses.

Romanticism

new wave of emotional expression motivated the most creative artists in Eruope from about 1820-1850. the word comes from romances, popular medieval tales of adventure written in romance languages. This style was based on prefernce of emotions versus reaso

Francisco Goya

ground breaking romantic painter and printmaker. A contemporary of David, he was aware of the French Revolution, and he personally experienced som of the worst aspets of the ensuing napoleonic era. Spanish Romanticism.

The Third Of May

Francisco Goya. 1808. 1814. Oil on canvas.

Joseph Mallord William Turner

witnessed the disatrous fire that burned the british houses of Parliament in 1834. he mad several sketches of the event that soon became paintings. English Romanticism

The burning of the houses of lords and commons

Joseph Mallord William Turner. 1834. Oil on fabric. Typifies the romantic movement in several ways.

Thomas Cole

Founded the hudson river school in the 1830s. American Romanticism

The Oxbow

Thomas Cole. 1836. Oil on canvas. this painting became the inspiration for american landscape painting for several generations.

Robert S Duncanson

One of the first African-American artists to earn an international reputation.

Blue Hole, LIttle Miami River

Robert S. Duncanson. 1851. Oil on canvas.

Eugene Delacroix

The leading Romantic Painter in France. French Romanticism.

The Death of Sardanapalus

Eugene Delacroix. 1827. Oil on canvas. based on the life of an acient Assyrian king who may or may not have existed.

Painterly

Brushwork that is loose and open not like the cool precision of Neoclassicism.

Carleton Watkins

19th century American artist that was not a painter but a photographer.

The Three Brothers

Carleton E. Watkins. 1861. Photograph. Sierra Nevada yosemite valley.

Delacoix

one of the first to recognize the difference between camera vision and human vision. he blieved that photography was potentially of great benefit to art and artists.

Felix Tournachon

Called Nadar first gained fame as a ballonist, and from a hot air ballon he made the first aerial photographs.

Sarah Bernhardt

Nadar (Felix Tournachon). 1855 French actress this photo is an evolutionary link between romantic painted portraits and the glamour photography today.

academic art

generally unimaginative works that follow stale formulas laid down by an academy or school.

Salon

huge annual exhibitiion

Realism

art movement that came about in the mid 19th century as a protest agains the authority of academic art. Instead of historical and exotic subjects, its main interest was in ordinary existence, life of commoners and social injustice.

Gustave Courbet

In the 1850s this french painter revived realism with new vigor by employing a direct, paniterly technique for the portrayal of the dignity of ordinary things and common life.

The stone breakers

Gustave Courbet. 1849 Destroyed in 1945. Oil on canvas.

Rosa Bonheur

Her popularity eclipsed the careers of all 19th-century male artists specializing in country scenes and animalistic genres. she lived an unconventional way of life and scandalized Paris by adopting a male appearance at the time, when it was illegal for a

the horse fair

Rosa Bonheur. 1853-1855 Oil on canvas.

Thomas Eakins

his realist paintings are remarkable for their hemanity and insight into the everyday world.

William Rush carving his allegorical figure of the schuylkill river

Thomas Eakins 1876-1877. Oil on canvas on masonite. Realist Art

Jean-Leon Gerome

Eakins Teacher. Academism

Pygmalion and galatea

Jean-Leon Gerome. 1860. Oil on canvas. Academic Art

Henry Ossawa Tanner

Eakins Student and friend who was the best knonw African-American painter before the twentieth century.

The banjo Lesson

Henry Ossawa Turner. 1893. Oil on canvas.reveals tanners considerable insight into the feelings of his subjects, yet he avoids the sentimentality that was common in many late ninteenth-century american paintings.

Edouard Manet

This artist, although trained within the academic tradition, is considered a predecessor of impressionism. His Luncheon on the grass sent a wave of shock through the parisian artistic circle-because of its subject matter and innovative approach to paintin

Lunchon on the grass

Edouard Manet. 1863. Oil on canvas. scandalized french critics and the public because of the way it was painted as well as the subject matter.

Statement not correct about Academic art in 19th century france

Its subjects were drawn not form history and mythology but from contemporary daily life.