Neoclassicism
This style emerged in 18th-century France, within the enlightenment movement. The philosophers and artists, who believed in the power of reason, turned to ancient greece and rome for the ideas and artistic models.
Jacques-Louis David
one of the artists who led the way to revolutions in both art and politics he was a painter.
Oath of the Horattie
Jacques-Louis David. 1784. Oil on canvas. David pioneered Neoclassicism with this painting. tells the story of civic virture, patriotism and readiness to die for liberty by referring to the history or ancient rome.
Angelica Kauffmann
Born in Switzerland and trained by her father, she spent six years in italy before settling in london in 1768. She was elected a full member of the British Royal Academy two years later, the last woman to be so honored until the 1920s.
Cornelia, Pointing to her children as her treasures
Angelica Kauffmann. 1785. Oil on canvas. done during the Neoclassical style.
Thomas Jefferson
American statesman architect who spent five years in Europe as minister to France. also designed buildings with the neoclassical spirit Monticello and University of Virginia.
Monticello
Thomas Jefferson. Charlottesville, Virginia. 1793-1806. based on Palladios renaissance reinterpretation of roman country style houses.
Romanticism
new wave of emotional expression motivated the most creative artists in Eruope from about 1820-1850. the word comes from romances, popular medieval tales of adventure written in romance languages. This style was based on prefernce of emotions versus reaso
Francisco Goya
ground breaking romantic painter and printmaker. A contemporary of David, he was aware of the French Revolution, and he personally experienced som of the worst aspets of the ensuing napoleonic era. Spanish Romanticism.
The Third Of May
Francisco Goya. 1808. 1814. Oil on canvas.
Joseph Mallord William Turner
witnessed the disatrous fire that burned the british houses of Parliament in 1834. he mad several sketches of the event that soon became paintings. English Romanticism
The burning of the houses of lords and commons
Joseph Mallord William Turner. 1834. Oil on fabric. Typifies the romantic movement in several ways.
Thomas Cole
Founded the hudson river school in the 1830s. American Romanticism
The Oxbow
Thomas Cole. 1836. Oil on canvas. this painting became the inspiration for american landscape painting for several generations.
Robert S Duncanson
One of the first African-American artists to earn an international reputation.
Blue Hole, LIttle Miami River
Robert S. Duncanson. 1851. Oil on canvas.
Eugene Delacroix
The leading Romantic Painter in France. French Romanticism.
The Death of Sardanapalus
Eugene Delacroix. 1827. Oil on canvas. based on the life of an acient Assyrian king who may or may not have existed.
Painterly
Brushwork that is loose and open not like the cool precision of Neoclassicism.
Carleton Watkins
19th century American artist that was not a painter but a photographer.
The Three Brothers
Carleton E. Watkins. 1861. Photograph. Sierra Nevada yosemite valley.
Delacoix
one of the first to recognize the difference between camera vision and human vision. he blieved that photography was potentially of great benefit to art and artists.
Felix Tournachon
Called Nadar first gained fame as a ballonist, and from a hot air ballon he made the first aerial photographs.
Sarah Bernhardt
Nadar (Felix Tournachon). 1855 French actress this photo is an evolutionary link between romantic painted portraits and the glamour photography today.
academic art
generally unimaginative works that follow stale formulas laid down by an academy or school.
Salon
huge annual exhibitiion
Realism
art movement that came about in the mid 19th century as a protest agains the authority of academic art. Instead of historical and exotic subjects, its main interest was in ordinary existence, life of commoners and social injustice.
Gustave Courbet
In the 1850s this french painter revived realism with new vigor by employing a direct, paniterly technique for the portrayal of the dignity of ordinary things and common life.
The stone breakers
Gustave Courbet. 1849 Destroyed in 1945. Oil on canvas.
Rosa Bonheur
Her popularity eclipsed the careers of all 19th-century male artists specializing in country scenes and animalistic genres. she lived an unconventional way of life and scandalized Paris by adopting a male appearance at the time, when it was illegal for a
the horse fair
Rosa Bonheur. 1853-1855 Oil on canvas.
Thomas Eakins
his realist paintings are remarkable for their hemanity and insight into the everyday world.
William Rush carving his allegorical figure of the schuylkill river
Thomas Eakins 1876-1877. Oil on canvas on masonite. Realist Art
Jean-Leon Gerome
Eakins Teacher. Academism
Pygmalion and galatea
Jean-Leon Gerome. 1860. Oil on canvas. Academic Art
Henry Ossawa Tanner
Eakins Student and friend who was the best knonw African-American painter before the twentieth century.
The banjo Lesson
Henry Ossawa Turner. 1893. Oil on canvas.reveals tanners considerable insight into the feelings of his subjects, yet he avoids the sentimentality that was common in many late ninteenth-century american paintings.
Edouard Manet
This artist, although trained within the academic tradition, is considered a predecessor of impressionism. His Luncheon on the grass sent a wave of shock through the parisian artistic circle-because of its subject matter and innovative approach to paintin
Lunchon on the grass
Edouard Manet. 1863. Oil on canvas. scandalized french critics and the public because of the way it was painted as well as the subject matter.
Statement not correct about Academic art in 19th century france
Its subjects were drawn not form history and mythology but from contemporary daily life.