romanesque arches
an early medieval european style, roman-style rounded arches and heavy construction
post and lintel construction
a horizontal beam supported by a post at either end
flying buttresses
gothic churches, form of support to resist the lateral forces
corbels arches
successive layers of stonework over the doorway, a projecting wall member used to support and reduce the pressure on the structure and allowing the architecture to design and span larger spaces
ionic columns
more feminine and delicate, scrolls
doric columns
simple and masculine
corinthian columns
most ornate order, acanthus leaves
dolmens
chambers consisting of two or more veritcal stones supporting a large horizontal stone, they were built as tombs
vault
arched form above an enclosed place
tympanum
the semi circular or triangular arched recess above a doorway, often decorated with carvings
post modern style architecture
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golden section/mean
the proportion of the two divisions of a straight edge
standard of ur
shows scenes of war and peace
stonehenge
stone architecture
palette of narmer
produced in ancient egypt, shows unification of upper and lower egypt
tribute money
tax collector, asking for christ to py his taxes and his 12 disciples
kouros figure
left leg forward, grave marker of a young athenian aristocats
cyclades figure
most come from greek graves, associate with funerary rituals
colosseum (roman)
gladitorial combats
parthenon
dedicated to goddess athena
spear bearer
symmetry and contrapposto- figure standing with most of weight on one foot, shoulders and arms twist off axis
laocoon
strangled by snake for warning about trojan horse
augustus of primaporta
portrait of augustus, shows his power, ideology, great military victor and supporter of roman religion
aqueducts (rome)
bring water into cities and towns
canon
rules, principles, or standards
akhenaton
changed religion from polytheistic to monotheism
pharaoh
egyptian leaders, buried in pyramids, which are a symbol of the sun shows pharaohs strength and wealth
lapiths and centaurs
metopec on the south side of the parthenon, battle between them
appearance of stained glass
in romanesque cathedrals, colored glass used for windows or decorative applications
pompeii
destroyed by mt vesuvius
hieroglyphics
written language used by egyptians
composite view (figure)
part of a figure is shown in profile, other part shown frontally
twisted perspective
part of a figure is shown in profile, other part shown frontally
lamassu
guardian beast, head of a man, body of a lion, and wings of an eagle
ziggurat
stepped pyramid, in ancient Mesopotamian architecture, a monumental platform for a temple
illuminated manuscript
book made by hand with painted decorations
verisimilitude/verism
from Latin verus, true. In art it is a form of realism, contemporary every day subjects matter instead of the heroic legendary realism
pre history
earliest humans, no written records survive
paleolithic
old stone age" themes= survival, fertility, animals, forms= anatomical exaggeration, pictoral definition, twisted perspective
neolithic
shift from hunting to farming, monumental stone architecture megaliths- made of big stone, themes= human activity, building for community, forms=composite view, mud brick and stone construction, post and lintel, monumental sculpture
mesopotamian
established the earliest complex urban societies, city-states, themes= offerings, gods, warfare & hunting, rulers, forms= mud brick construction, natural conceptual treatments of figures, registers of space, hierarchy of scale
baroque
European artistic and architectural style of the late sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries, characterized by extravagance and emotional intensity
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