hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes. (giving away concentration- cell is shrinking)
hypotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes. (taking in concentration- cell is getting bigger like a hippo.)
isotonic
(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure. (cell will remain the same.)
flagellar movement
Whip like structures may have more than one. Used for the purpose of MOVEMENT.
ciliary movement
projecting things from the surface of a cell.
sign
objective measureable data. ex. vomitting, fever, rash
symptoms
subjective matters of opinion. ex. pain scale, nausea, and feeling warm
antigen
stimulates the production of antibodies, recognizes foreign invaders that trigger an immune response.
pathogen
disease-causer
cell mediated immunity
an immune response in which killer T cells attack antigen-bearing cells directly. (problem inside cell.) ex. virus, cancer, fungus. INTRACELLULAR
humoral immunity
immunity against antigens and pathogens in the body fluids. ex. bacteria. EXTRACELLULAR
acute immunity (immune response #1)
- include heat, redness, pain, swelling, loss of function of inflamed area ex. ANAPHYLAXIS
- increase in vascular permeability
- influx of immune cells and HISTAMINE
Cytotoxic immunity
(immune response #2)
cell mediated immunity. ex. MISMATCH BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Antigen/Antibody Complex (immune response #3)
Structure formed when the antibody binds to the antigen to help disable a pathogen. ex. STREPT TO RHOMATIC FEVER
Delayed Cell Mediated immunity (immune response #4)
ex. TB TEST OR POISON IVY
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism. ex. ALLELES- Ss ss
Phenotype
what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype ex. SICKLE CELL CARRIER
List the corresponding mRNA sequence to go with this DNA
ATG CCT GAT
UAC GGA CUA
Describe events of transcription
DNA to mRNA. happens in the NUCLEUS
Describe events of translation
mRNA to protein happens in RIBOSOME
Why does hemophilia effect more men than women?
because it is a sex linked genetic disease attached to the x chromosome.
Karyotype
A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. ex. In AMNIOTIC FLUID during METAPHASE.
Name all the phases of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase (where chromosomes line up), anaphase, telephase-cytokinesis
somatic cells
all the cells of your body except your sex cells. 46
gametes
sex cells 23
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
atrophy
a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse. SHRINK.
hyperplasia
abnormal increase in number of cells. MULTIPLY
anaplasia
loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in CANCER or malignant tumor. TO GET WEIRD LOOKING.
neoplasm
new tumor growth that can be benign or malignant
benign neoplasm
incapsolated noncancerous, and can kill if compresses
malignant neoplasm
cancerous tumor but may be cured
rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic SYSTEMIC disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities. INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS, linked to AUTOIMMUNE.
autoimmune disease
body produces antibodies against itself causing injury. More common in WOMEN.
Osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease. LOCAL. Wear and Tear.
gout
a painful inflammation caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of URIC ACID CRYSTALIZED in the blood and JOINTS.
pseudo gout
calcium pyrophosphate crystals
open fracture
bone fracture that breaks through the skin
greenstick fracture
a partial fracture of a bone (usually in children)
most common broken bone?
clavicle
most common sprain joint?
ankle
bone separation
ligament damage
bone dislocation
ball out of socket
rice method
rest, ice, compression, elevation