Pathophysiology 16 Questions

D. Sensory systems
The three basic (core) neural systems to the cognitive sphere include attentional systems that provide arousal and maintenance of attention over time, memory and language systems by which information is communicated, and affective or em

Which of the following is NOT a basic neural system essential for the cognitive sphere?
A. Attentional systems
B. Memory and language systems
C. Affective or emotive systems
D. Sensory systems

B. Intracerebral
Intracerebral is a term that means "within the brain tissue.

A person has a structural problem that is located within the brain tissue, and it is causing a decreased level of consciousness. Which of the following terms BEST describes this location?
A. Infratentorial
B. Intracerebral
C. Extracerebral
D. Subdural

C. Heart rate
(1) level of consciousness (LOC), (2) pattern of breathing, (3) size and reactivity of pupils, (4) eye position and reflexive response, and (5) skeletal muscle motor responses. Although heart rate is a vital sign, it is not always indicative

Which of the following is NOT one of the five categories of neurologic function that are classified as critical for evaluation?
A. Level of consciousness
B. Pattern of breathing
C. Heart rate
D. Eye position

A. Pathophysiology involves an increased ventilatory response.

A person is diagnosed with Cheyne-Stokes respirations (CSR). Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
A. Pathophysiology involves an increased ventilatory response.
B. There is hypocapnia and increased ventilatory stimulus.
C. Changes in PaO2 produce i

C. Involves the vestibular nuclei

An individual experiences significant vomiting with a CNS injury. Which of the following is TRUE regarding CNS injury and vomiting?
A. Impinges directly on the floor of the third ventricle
B. Causes a decrease in intracranial pressure
C. Involves the vest

C. Opiates

An individual in a coma presents with pinhole-sized pupils. Which medication would produce this size pupil?
A. Atropine
B. Scopolamine
C. Opiates
D. Amphetamines

D. Ocular response to head turning

Which of the following is NOT a criterion when determining brain death?
A. Unresponsive coma
B. No spontaneous respiration
C. Isoelectric EEG
D. Ocular response to head turning

C. Minimally conscious

A woman has sustained a traumatic brain injury. She is able to follow simple commands and can manipulate objects. Which of the following terms BEST describes this state?
A. Coma
B. Vegetative
C. Minimally conscious
D. Locked-in syndrome

A. Has severe disturbance in motivation

Which of the following is the BEST definition of a person with akinetic mutism?
A. Has severe disturbance in motivation
B. Can follow simple commands and manipulate objects
C. Is in a wakeful unconsciousness
D. Is unarousable and unresponsive

D. Absence of eye opening at 24 hours predicts death or severe disability

A 19-year-old woman sustains a nontraumatic brain injury. Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding prognostic indicators?
A. She has a 91% death rate if pupils are nonreactive at 24 hours.
B. She has a 95% death rate when pupillary reflexes ar

C. Length of activity

Which of the following is NOT a means of classifying a seizure?
A. Clinical manifestations
B. Site of origin
C. Length of activity
D. EEG correlates

B. Partial

A person experiences a unilateral, focal seizure and maintains consciousness. Which of the following is the appropriate term for this type of seizure?
A. Generalized
B. Partial
C. Secondary
D. Status epilepticus

A. Cerebral hypoxia

A person is in status epilepticus. What is the greatest concern when treating these individuals?
A. Cerebral hypoxia
B. Aspiration
C. Bleeding of the tongue
D. Musculoskeletal trauma

A. Phase of muscle contraction with increased muscle tone

A person is having a seizure and is currently in the tonic phase. Which of the following BEST describes this phase of a seizure?
A. Phase of muscle contraction with increased muscle tone
B. Phase of alternating contraction and relaxation of muscle
C. Phas

B. Dysmnesia

A person is describing a loss of past memories. For which of the following disorders is this a characteristic?
A. Extinction
B. Dysmnesia
C. Sensory inattentiveness
D. Nondeclarative memory

A. Agnosia

A person is experiencing difficulty in recognizing a pattern. He cannot recognize the form and nature of objects. Which of the following is the term that describes this condition?
A. Agnosia
B. Aphasia
C. Dysphasia
D. Alzheimer

B. Aphasia

Which term describes a person who is experiencing a loss of comprehension or production of language?
A. Dysphasia
B. Aphasia
C. Expressive dysphasia
D. Transcortical dysphasia

C. Delirium
Delirium is an acute state of confusion. It is abrupt in its onset (over 2 to 3 days). The person may have difficulty in concentration, restlessness, irritability, tremulousness, insomnia, and poor appetite. Dementia is a more chronic problem

A man has a contusion that has developed over 2 to 3 days. He is restless and irritable. He is brought to the physician's office. Which of the following best describes this condition?
A. Alzheimer
B. Dementia
C. Delirium
D. Coma

D. Decreased intracranial pressure
An increase in intracranial pressure is a mechanism in the dementing process. All the other choices are correct.

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms in the dementing process?
A. Degeneration possibly caused by genetics
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Trauma
D. Decreased intracranial pressure

C. Associated with Down syndrome

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Alzheimer disease?
A. Uncommon neurologic disorder
B. No genetic relationship
C. Associated with Down syndrome
D. Plaques increase nerve impulse transmission

A. Rapid onset

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer disease?
A. Rapid onset
B. Memory loss
C. Increased irritability
D. Anxiety and depression

B. Central
Uncal herniation occurs when the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa. Supratentorial herniation is a general category that includes uncal, central, and cingulate herniation. Cingul

A person experiences a traumatic brain injury and has herniation of the brain that is straight downward through the tentorial notch. Which of the following types of herniation is this?
A. Supratentorial
B. Central
C. Cingulate
D. Uncal

D. Interstitial

A person experiences edema in the brain caused by movement of CSF from the ventricles into the extracellular space. What type of edema does this describe?
A. Vasogenic
B. Cytotoxic
C. Ischemic
D. Interstitial

A. Spreading of spasticity accompanied by increased deep tendon reflexes

A person experiences clonus. Which of the following BEST describes this?
A. Spreading of spasticity accompanied by increased deep tendon reflexes
B. Resistance to passive movement
C. Tonic reflex activity
D. Weakness with impairment of motor function

A. Hemiplegia

A woman sustains a CVA. She has paralysis on the left side. Which of the following BEST describes this condition?
A. Hemiplegia
B. Paraplegia
C. Diplegia
D. Quadriplegia

A. Occurs commonly

A person is diagnosed with Huntington disease. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Occurs commonly
B. Is a nonhereditary disease
C. Is also known as chorea
D. Onset usually between the ages of 50 and 70 years

B. Tremor

A man is diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Which of the following symptoms would he expect to appear first in the course of his illness?
A. Inability to walk
B. Tremor
C. Postural instability
D. Rigidity

Dyspraxia

The impaired conceptualization and execution of complex acts.

Hypotonia

Cerebellar damage can manifest as decreased muscle tone shown by passive movement of a muscle with resistance. What is the term for the manifestation?

Spinal Shock

Characterized by flaccid paralysis, no reflexes, and disturbances in bowel and bladder function.

Anterograde Amnesia

The inability to form new memories.

Vigilance Deficit

The inability to concentrate or sustain attention.