Vaginal epithelial tissue converting from simple cuboidal to stratified sqaumous following the onset of puberty is an example of
Metaplasia
What disorder can be characterized by aggressive or indolent growing and they can arise from B or T cells
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
What family does Epstein barr virus related
herpes
Antibodies are released from
plasma cells
Also known as ________, individuals with cancer often suffer from muscle wasting.
cachexia
Increase use of cells can lead to increases in cell number is known as
hyperplasia
leads to vasodilation in an effort to increase delivery of immune cells, and oxygen among many different substances.
inflammation
When demands on the cell are reduced the cell response is
atrophy
The antibody_____ is released in excessive amounts in someone with a type I hypersensitivity.
IgE
urinalysis of someone who has multiple myeloma would contain
bence jones
Increase use of cells can lead to increases in cell size is known as
hypertrophy
Infection with human papiloma virus (HPV) is the leading cause of abnormal squamous cervical eptithelial cells. What cell adaptation best describes this?
dysplasia
Cancer that develops within the bone marrow would be classified as
leukemia
The conversion of tracheal epithelial tissue from psuedostratified columnar to stratified squamous in response to prolonged intubation tube placement is considered
metaplasia
Increased release of ___A__ are delivered to the __B__ where body temperature is reset.
A-Pyrogens
B- Hypothalmus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is considered what type of hypersensitivity?
3
Select the answers that would best describe the cause of cleft palate?
A. Non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis
B. Use of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors known to cause developmental defects
C. Smoking shortly after birth can cause fetal facial str
B, D
What characteristics are present in hodgkins lymphoma that distinguish it from non-hodgkins lymphoma? (Select all that apply)
A. Initial diagnosis generally limited to a group of normal cells
B. Prognosis poor
C. Reed sternberg cells
D. Abnormal B cells
A, C
Select the statement that indicates a nurse needs further education regarding inheritance patterns, when describing them to a patient. (Select all that apply)
A. If your mom is heterozygous for Marfan syndrome, you will have a 100% chance of being affecte
All of them
Which neutrophil count below would leave you most susceptible to a bacterial infection?
A. 1,000 cells / uL
B.10,000 cells / uL
C. 5,000 cells / uL
D. 4,000 cells / uL
A
Select the manifestations that may accompany a decrease in circulating neutrophils.
A. Mucous membrane ulceration
B. Fever
C. Chills
D. Polycythemia
A, B, C
Select the statement that does not describe a benign neoplasm
A.Does not spread by the lymphatic system
B. Invades healthy surrounding tissue
C. Can cause death
D. Differentiated appearance
E. Slow tumor growth
F. Unencapsulated
B
Select the statement that most accurately describes why you might expect cardiovascular problems in someone who has marfan syndrome.
A. Individuals likely will have long limbs due to increased growth factor
B. Individuals are highly susceptible to periphe
D
What statement best describes a tissue specific hypersensitivity?
A. Red blood cells with carryout phagocytosis
B. Complement proteins induce cell lysis in cell targeted by the immune system
C. The first exposure doesn't generate a response
D. Antigen-ant
B
Select the correct responses that would accompany the following event: You fall on a rusty fork on the playground leaving a large gaping wound with dirt in the wound. You go to the hospital and the nurse immediately debrides the wound. After she completes
B, C, D
Which disorders below would lead to increased blood loss upon injury? (Select all that apply)
A. Von willbrand disease
B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
C. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
D. Hemophilia A
All
Stress can take multiple forms from psychological to physical, which of the following is not an effect of General stress? (Select all that apply)
A. Impotence
B. Hypotension
C. Atherosclerosis
D. Hair loss
B, C
Many pathopysiological states impact Oxygen delivery to a cell. Select the statement that indicates a nurse practitioner needs more education.
A. "Without O2 you can't produce ATP"
B. "It is important to deliver Oxygen to the cells with the use of the car
E
What statements best describes how thalassemia would impair someone?
A. You will likely be taller than your peers
B. This is a dominant disorder that is inherited from your C.You're heart will have to work harder
D. You will have a shortened lifespan
C, D
What individual would most susceptible to infectious disease?
A. A 20 year old male kidney recipient on immunosuppressives a year after surgery
B. A malnourished toddler at daycare
C. A sleep deprived single father of five who smokes
D. A 50 year old fema
E
Oxygen therapy would be used to treat which disorder?
A. Anemia
B. Polycythemia vera
C. Hemophilia
D. Multiple myeloma
A
Individuals with Leukemia may be more susceptible to infections, what answer would likely be the reason?
A. Leukopenia
B. Thrombocytosis
C. Anemia
D. Thrombocytopenia
A
John received a kidney transplant from his twin brother. A few days after the surgery John notices his brother has red streaking near the incision where the kidney was removed. Which answers would indicate the John knows nothing about what is happening to
A, B
What statements below suggest a clinical nurse needs more education when consulting with a patient who has Lupus? Select all that apply.
A. There is nothing you can do to manage lupus
B. The doctor may prescribe corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
C. I
A, D
Which of the following statements is false regarding epstein barr virus.
A. You will generally know 1-2 weeks after after exposure if you contracted the virus through development of multiple manifestations, including pharyngitis and malaise
B. After infec
A
Which statement would indicate your son has hemophilia?
A. His circumcision bled profusely
B. He suffers from NF-1
C. He is chronically tired
D. He had an aunt who had hemophilia A
A
What condition can result in muscle weakness due to elevated levels of Calcium?
A. Multiple myeloma
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus
C. Leukemia
D. HIV
A
Common causes of immunodeficiency include which of the following
A. Liver disease
B. Breast cancer treatment
C. Viral infection
D. Inflamatory drugs
E. All of the above
F. None of the above
E
Which value of white blood cells would indicate a bacterial infection?
A. 2,000 cells / uL
B. 4,000 cells / uL
C. 12,000 cells / uL
D. 7,000cells / uL
C
What manifestations below associated with leukemia would be associated with increased WBC destruction?
A. Splenomegaly
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Hepatomegaly
D. Lymphadenopathy
A
Which statement describes why Steve and Sally are seeking genetic counseling?
A. Steves aunt had fragile X syndrome
B. Sally is 24 years of age
C. Sally had an uncle with Kleinfelters disease
D. Steve and Sally both have family members who have cystic fib
D
Which condition below could result when mother smokes during pregnancy?
A. Cleft palate
B. Fragile X syndrome
C. Trisomy 21
D. Tay sachs disease
A
An error in what process can result in Kleinfelters disease? Choose the best answer
Meiosis anaphase I
Meiosis metaaphase II
Mitosis: Metaphase
Protein synthesis
Mitosis: Telophase
Meiosis telophase II
Cell respiration
Meiosis telophase I
meiosis anaphase 1
Jenny and Roberto are expecting their first child, which conditions might they be a carrier for given they have the following risk factors:
1: Jenny is 40 years of age
2: Roberto has a mutant NF-1 gene.
3: Jenny has maintained her smoking addiction during
C
Which of the following statements are can induce initiation of a neoplasm? (Select all that apply)
A. Ultraviolet exposure from the sun
B. Smoking cigarettes
C. Eating excessive antioxidants
D. Human papiloma virus infection
A, B D
Select all the statements that apply to neoplasms that spread from their original site.
A. Metastasization
B. Promotion
C. Capsule intact
D. Progression
A, D
Select the statement that applies to malignant neoplasms.
A. Growth limited by blood supply
B. Cells closely resemble original site cells
C. Neoplasm always remains in host tissue
D. Produce hormones that seem abnormal
A, D
Use of sunscreen would be best described by what type of treatment?
preventative
Why would a young women who suffers from Lupus suffer from joint pain?
Inflammatory disorder that effects connective tissue
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply)
A. Protein in the urine
B. Seizures
C. Peripheral edema
D. Atherosclerosis
A, C
What differentiates asthma from chronic bronchitis?
A. The FEV1/FVC ration is reduced in asthma.
B. Airflow obstruction caused by asthma is often reversible.
C. Smoking makes asthma worse.
D. Asthma is an obstructive disease.
B
During an acute asthma attack, why does respiratory obstruction occur?
A. Excessive goblet cell activity
B. Alveolar collapse
C. Fluid accumulation in alveoli
D. Constriction of bronchiole smooth muscle
A, D
A culture of blood that is positive for Streptococcus might indicate which conditions below?
A. Myocarditis
B. Aneurysm
C. Heart failure
D. Infective endocarditis
A, D
Dental work can result in what complication below when bacteria gain access to the blood stream?
A. Infective endocarditis
B. Myocarditis
C. Cardiomyopathy
D. Pericarditis
A
Electrical conduction through the heart can be disrupted by which condition below?
A. Heart failure
B. Peripheral artery disease
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Coronary artery disease
C, D
Which of the following is not a lower airway respiratory infection?
A. An infection that affects the alveoli
B. An infection that affects the nasal epithelium
C. An infection of the epiglottis
D. An infection that occurs in the sinuses
B, C D
During an assessment of a patient's abdomen, a pulsating abdominal mass is noted by the healthcare provider. Which of the following should be the healthcare provider's next action?
A. Advise to stop tobacco use
B. Order an arteriography
C. Wait for ruptur
B
Select the conditions that can contribute to atherosclerosis. (Select all that apply)
A. Increased albumin B.production
C. Hypertension
D. Autoimmune disease
Diabetes
E. Elevated troponin levels
F. Dyslipidemia
G. Hyperglycemia
H. High protein diet
A, B, C, D F, G
Select the statement that does not describe an upper respiratory infection. (Select all that apply)
A. May obstruct airflow into the lungs
B. Will decrease gas exchange at the alveoli
C. Can be caused by aspirating foreign objects into the lungs
D. Can of
B, C
What type of hypersensitivity is involved in a positive test for tuberculosis?
4
Select the correct statements regarding infectious rhinitis.
A. nvades the epithelium
B. Infected individuals will exhibit a stridor
c. Infected individuals may experience myalgia and malaise
D. Can be caused by cold and wet conditions
E. Your eyes may wa
A, B, C, E, F, H
Angina is commonly associated with which of the following disorders?
A. Stroke
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Cardiogenic shock
D. Malignant hypertension
B
Which disorder below would reduce ventricular filling? (Select all that apply)
A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B. Systolic dysfunction
C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
A, D
Select the incorrect statement regarding influenza infection
A. Symptoms rarely include a fever
B. Sinus congestion is not always observed with an influenza infection
C. Type A influenza can be found in whales
D. Can take 3 forms depending on the severity
A
Which of the following statements related to infective endocarditis is correct? (Select all that apply)
A. Commonly associated with thrombus formation
B. A CBC will reveal elevated neutrophils
C. Often leads to reduced stroke volume
D. Treatment can inclu
A, B, C
Rapid breathing that is non-physiological, rather due to a pathological state is also called
tachypnea
Vasospasm of arteries is also known as
Vasoconstrictioin
Air in the pleural cavity can cause
Atelectasis
Right side heart failure can cause increased venous pressure, this would result in systemic
Edema
Reversible airway obstruction triggered when you go to work is called
Occupational asthma
Pulmonary congestion would cause the hypertrophy of the
right ventricle
Pressure in the pleural cavity is greater than the atmospheric pressure in
Tension pneumothorax
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