Which of the following is the best brief definition of disease?
functional disequilibrium
The scientific study of disease is known as___
pathology
The study of the cause of disease is known as___
etiology
A strain of cholera that appeared in unusually large numbers in Asia, America, and Africa would be described as a ___
pandemic
Comm-a shaped bacteria are called
vibrio
What type of disease transmission moves directly from an infected individual to a susceptible individual?
horizontal
Antibiotics should be used only for ____ infections
bacterial
The rubeola virus causes______
measles
Infectious agents composed only of protein are _____
prions
The study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease is _____
epidemiology
Infectious particles made of a core of genetic material wrapped in a protein coat are called____
viruses
The recent increase in Lyme disease is the result of the reintroduction of deer into many areas of the country. The deer___.
are the reservoir of the disease
Antifungal drugs target what part of the fungus?
cell membrane
Which of the following is an organism that does not independently grow, metabolize, or reproduce?
virus
What type of disease transmission deposits directly into the tissues below the skin?
parenteral
Those who harbor an infectious agents but do not have signs or symptoms are called _____.
carriers
Which of the following are considered reservoirs?
insects, humans, animals
Single-celled microbes that are much larger than bacteria and have complex internal structures with a nucleus and organelles are called ______.
protozoa
Diseases that are transmitted directly from human to human are considered _______.
communicable
Any disease caused by a microorganism is considered _____.
infectious
A disease that must pass from person to person via contaminated water is classified as ______.
communicable
Which occurs when a disease spreads over a large number of people in a specific area?
epidemic
Long, whip-like appendages used for swimming are called____.
flagella
The protein coat of a virus is its ______.
capsid
Malaria is caused by ______.
a mosquito
The source of an infectious agent is known as a____.
reservoir
The Gram stain is used to differentiate types of _____.
bacteria
Round bacteria are called ______.
cocci
Which of these is NOT a contagious disease?
malaria
Which term is used for diseases that are under constant surveillance?
reportable
Corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called _____.
spirochetes
Rod-shaped bacteria are called ________.
bacilli
Structures formed by bacteria and packaged in a tough outer coat to resist destruction by harsh environments are called _____.
endospores
Which of the following bacteria commonly cause skin infections?
Staphylococcus
Viruses are different from bacteria in that viruses __________.
cannot grow on their own.
immunology
study of resistance to infectious disease
physiology
body function
anatomy
body structure
pathology
the cause and effect of disease
etiology
the cause of disease
The thymus gland is involved in the development of ____.
T cells
AIDS can be transmitted through which methods?
shared hypodermic needles, sexual contact, mother to infant
In active immunity, the person _______.
forms his or her own antibodies specific to invading the antigen.
In an inflammatory response, which cell engulfs cell debris and infectious agents?
neutrophil
___ produce antibodies.
neutrophils
which is the body's first line of defense?
skin
What leukocytes fight infection?
neutrophils
HIV infects primarily________.
helper T lymphocytes
HIV cannot be transmitted by
hand shake or casual contact
Which is an autoimmune disease?
lupus erythematosus
What is the cause of Sjogren's syndrome?
unknown
What is the cause of scleroderma?
unknown
Which is the cause of immune system damage in AIDs?
human immunodeficiency virus
Which best describes chemotaxis?
attraction of leukocytes to site of inflammation
Which describes phagocytosis?
leukocytes take in and destroy foreign material
The attraction of white blood cells to the site of inflammation is called _____.
chemotaxis
Which best describes the function of interferon?
blocks virus multiplication
Resistance of the skin to invading organisms is ____immunity.
innate
Stress causes an increased production of which hormone?
cortisol
A collection of signs and symptoms that occur together is ___.
syndrome
What are the signs and symptoms of inflammation?
swelling, redness, pain, heat
The number of cases of influenza are highest during winter and lowest during summer. This describes influenza's____.
incidence
Which diagnostic method is used to determine if a disease is hereditary?
family history
Which of the following describes a syndrome?
signs and symptoms occurring together
The number of cases of a disease occurring at a given time in a specified population is known as _____.
prevalence
The study of the occurrence, distribution, transmission, and prevention of disease is its ____.
epidemiology
Mary's signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis diminished following medical treatment. Shortly after treatment, her signs and symptoms returned with greater severity. Mary experienced which phenomenon?
exacerbation
The events leading to the development of a disease are known as its____.
pathophysiology
Which describes a disease that occurs in large numbers over a widespread area?
epidemic
A patient's pulse, respiration, and skin color are all _____.
signs
The aftermath of a disease can include some other disability or abnormality. These are called ______.
sequela
The determination of the cause of a disease is a ____.
diagnosis
Joe explained to his doctor that his throat was sore. The sore throat was a ________.
symptom
Hepatitis A infection usually is mild, results in complete recovery with no permanent liver damage, and induces protective immunity to further infection. This information about the course and probable outcome of hepatitis A is called its _______.
prognosis
Which term means the predicted outcome of a disease.
prognosis
What kind of disease develops and runs its course quickly?
acute
Which term means the cause of a disease?
etiology
Disease may be caused by __.
malnutrition, injury, infection
If the cause of a disease is unknown, it is ______.
idiopathic