Cancer-causing mutations to protooncogenes result in?
increased cell division
Malignant tumors have a tendency to?
all of the above
grow rapidly, metastasize to distant tissues, invade surrounding tissues
Sarcomas are cancers that arise from?
connective tissues
Which of the following cancers always arises from an initial mutation in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow?
Leukemia
Cervical carcinoma in situ
contains cancer cells that have not invaded the surrounding tissue
Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of cancer cells?
Decreased responsiveness to growth signals
Immortality in cancer cells is obtained through the production of?
telomerase
Which of the following mutational routes is necessary to cause cancer with a tumor suppressor gene mutation?
Deletion of both copies of a tumor suppressor gene
Normally, the tumor suppressor gene p53 induces
apoptosis
One way that a tumor suppressor gene can become inactivated in the absence of mutation or deletion is through gene
silencing
Which of the following genetic events is capable of activating oncogenes?
amplification
Chronic active hepatitis B infection is a risk factor for developing which of the following types of cancer?
Liver
Helicobacter pylori infection is a bacterial cause of?
gastric cancer
Which of the following statements about alcohol intake and cancer risk is true?
Alcohol intake increases the development of smoking-related cancers
Radon exposure increases an individual's risk for which of the following cancers?
Lung
The process of triggering new blood vessel formation in a tumor is called
angiogenesis
Determining the size of the tumor, the degree of node involvement, and the extent of distant metastasis is called
staging
Mechanisms that cause cancer pain include all of the following expect
cancer cells residing in lymph nodes