Lateral Olfaction
conscious perception of small
Medial olfaction
visceral and emotional reactions to smell
Intermediate olfection
synapse with association neurons in olfactory bulb to modulate odor information.
Vallate
surrounded by a wall; largest but least numerous; back of tongue
Fungeform
Mushroom shaped; scattered irregularly over entire superior surface of tongue; appear as small red dots
Foliate
leaf shaped; distributed in folds on the side of tongue; most sensitive of taste buds
Filiform
filament shaped; must numerous; do not detect taste
Sweet, bitter, and umami
Taste Receptors Depolarized by G proteins
Facial Nerve VII
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue relayed through what cranial nerve
Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX
Posterior 1/3 of tongue relayed through what cranial nerve
Vagus Nerve X
Taste sensations from the epiglottis are relayed via which cranial nerve
Hyposmia
Decrease in odor perception
Anosmia
No odor perception
Parosmia
disordered sense of small. Incorrect perception, typically unpleasant
Hypogeusia
reduced ability to taste
Ageusia
complete lack of taste
Parageusia
bad taste in the mouth
Palpebrae
eyelids
Conjunctiva
covers inner eyelid
Palpebre fissure
space between the two eyelids
Canthi
angles where eyelids join at the medial lateral margins
Caruncle
small reddish pink mound that contains modified sabaceous glands
Orbicularis oculi
closes lids
Palpebrae superious
opens upper lid
Ciliary glands
modified sweat glands that open to follicles of eyelashes for lubrication
Stye
inflamed ciliary gland
Meibomean gland
make sebum that lubricate lids and holds back tears
palpebrae conjunctiva
convers inner surface of eyelids
bulbar conjunctiva
covers anterior surface of eye
Lacrimal gland
produces tears
Lacrimal canaliculi
collects excess tears
Emmetropia
normal resting condition of lens
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Blepharitis
inflammation of eyelids
Hordeolum
Stye--infection of the sebaceous glands of the eyelids
Chalazion
infection of the meibomian gland
Keratitis
infection of the cornea
Strabismus
deviation of one eye from another
Nystagmus
involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movements
Amblyopia
lazy eye; poor vision in a physically normal eye
Scotoma
area/island of vision loss surrounded by area of normal vision
Retrobulbar neuritis
inflammation of the optic nerve
cataracts
clouding of lens
Papilledema
optic disc swelling due to intracranial pressure
Glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure: effects optic nerve and cells
Macular Degeneration
Loss of vision in the center of the visual field due to damage to retina (Yellow deposits)
Otitis externa
infection of the outer ear
Otitis media
infection of middle ear