tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat greater than 100 beats/minute.
bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate. A pulse rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) in an adult ( slow heart rate)
arrythmias
Irregular heart beats and rhythms disorders
arteriosclerosis
A disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls.
ischemia
An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, esp. the heart muscles.
atherosclerosis
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.
atheromas
The basic lesion of atherosclerosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the wall of the aorta and major arteries.
thrombus
A blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin.
embolism
Blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current (thrombus that has moved).
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
CRP
C-reactive protein: A protein found in the blood, the levels of which rise in response to inflammation and necrosis.
angina
Chest pain and lack of oxygen. constriction of the coronary arteries.
angioplasty
A treatment that is used to improve coronary blood flow. In this procedure a device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow.
myocardial infarction
An obstruction of coronary artery causing death of an area of the myocardium due to blockage of blood and oxygen supply (aka Heart Attack)
CK-MB
(Cardiac bio-marker) This enzyme is found in cardiac muscle and reflects tissue breakdown resulting from cell trauma. The CK stands for Creatine Kinase, the MB stands for Cardiac Muscle. Increase indicates heart damage & death of cardiac tissue.
atrial flutter
A supra-ventricular tachycardia, where rhythmic but excessive electrical discharge make the atria contract rapidly, with some electrical impulses reaching the ventricles (saw-toothed waves).
fibrillation
A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.
premature ventricular contractions
Ventricular contraction that occurs early in the cardiac cycle before the SA node initiates an electrical impulse.
Heart "blocks
Occur when conduction is excessively delayed or stopped at the AV node or bundle of His.
congestive heart failure
A condition that usually results from coronary artery disease when the heart is unable to maintain and adequate cardiac output. Characterized by abnormal retention of fluid and results in diminished blood flow to the tissue and congestion of the pulmonary
MI
myocardial infarction
valve defects
reduce the efficiency of the heart "pump" and reduce stroke volume
hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
renin
A substance (enzyme) synthesized, stored and secreted by the kidney to raise blood pressure. It causes narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels.
aldosterone
salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. Na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
vasoconstriction
A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.
myocardial hypertrophy
Increased size of heart muscle, one of the ways the heart compensates for increased workload.
valvular stenosis
A condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart.
valvular incompetence
The inability of valve to either open or close properly.
mitral valve prolapse
Abnormal protrusion of the left atrio-ventricular valve that results in incomplete closure of the valve.
tetralogy of fallot
1. pulmonary stenosis, 2. RVH, 3. Overriding aorta, 4. VSD; caused by anterior displacement of the infundibular septum; heart may have boot shape; associated with trisomy 21
rheumatic fever
Characterized by fever and inflammation of the small blood vessels and is a complication of untreated Streptococcal pharyngitis.
streptococcus viridans
the most common pathogen associated with infective endocarditis of native deformed valves?
infective endocarditis
A condition caused by bacterial infiltration of the lining of the heart's chambers.
septisemia
Actively multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream producing toxins
varicose veins
Due to failed or worn out valves, blood pools in the veins and causes them to enlarge and become visible, often in lower legs.
thrombophlebitis
Formation of a thrombus that is associated with inflammation in the vein
aortic aneurysms
A bulge in a section of the aorta camera, the body's main artery. The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Because the section with the aneurysm is overstretched and weak, it can burst. If the aorta bursts, it can cause
types of shock
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, septic, and anapylactic
Types of hypertension
The two major types are:
Primary or essential hypertension, that has no known cause, is diagnosed in the majority of people.
Secondary hypertension is often caused by reversible factors, and is sometimes curable.
The other types include:
Malignant Hyperte
tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat greater than 100 beats/minute.
bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate. A pulse rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm) in an adult ( slow heart rate)
arrythmias
Irregular heart beats and rhythms disorders
arteriosclerosis
A disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls.
ischemia
An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, esp. the heart muscles.
atherosclerosis
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.
atheromas
The basic lesion of atherosclerosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the wall of the aorta and major arteries.
thrombus
A blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin.
embolism
Blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current (thrombus that has moved).
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
CRP
C-reactive protein: A protein found in the blood, the levels of which rise in response to inflammation and necrosis.
angina
Chest pain and lack of oxygen. constriction of the coronary arteries.
angioplasty
A treatment that is used to improve coronary blood flow. In this procedure a device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow.
myocardial infarction
An obstruction of coronary artery causing death of an area of the myocardium due to blockage of blood and oxygen supply (aka Heart Attack)
CK-MB
(Cardiac bio-marker) This enzyme is found in cardiac muscle and reflects tissue breakdown resulting from cell trauma. The CK stands for Creatine Kinase, the MB stands for Cardiac Muscle. Increase indicates heart damage & death of cardiac tissue.
atrial flutter
A supra-ventricular tachycardia, where rhythmic but excessive electrical discharge make the atria contract rapidly, with some electrical impulses reaching the ventricles (saw-toothed waves).
fibrillation
A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.
premature ventricular contractions
Ventricular contraction that occurs early in the cardiac cycle before the SA node initiates an electrical impulse.
Heart "blocks
Occur when conduction is excessively delayed or stopped at the AV node or bundle of His.
congestive heart failure
A condition that usually results from coronary artery disease when the heart is unable to maintain and adequate cardiac output. Characterized by abnormal retention of fluid and results in diminished blood flow to the tissue and congestion of the pulmonary
MI
myocardial infarction
valve defects
reduce the efficiency of the heart "pump" and reduce stroke volume
hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
renin
A substance (enzyme) synthesized, stored and secreted by the kidney to raise blood pressure. It causes narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels.
aldosterone
salt-retaining hormone" which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. Na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
vasoconstriction
A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.
myocardial hypertrophy
Increased size of heart muscle, one of the ways the heart compensates for increased workload.
valvular stenosis
A condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart.
valvular incompetence
The inability of valve to either open or close properly.
mitral valve prolapse
Abnormal protrusion of the left atrio-ventricular valve that results in incomplete closure of the valve.
tetralogy of fallot
1. pulmonary stenosis, 2. RVH, 3. Overriding aorta, 4. VSD; caused by anterior displacement of the infundibular septum; heart may have boot shape; associated with trisomy 21
rheumatic fever
Characterized by fever and inflammation of the small blood vessels and is a complication of untreated Streptococcal pharyngitis.
streptococcus viridans
the most common pathogen associated with infective endocarditis of native deformed valves?
infective endocarditis
A condition caused by bacterial infiltration of the lining of the heart's chambers.
septisemia
Actively multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream producing toxins
varicose veins
Due to failed or worn out valves, blood pools in the veins and causes them to enlarge and become visible, often in lower legs.
thrombophlebitis
Formation of a thrombus that is associated with inflammation in the vein
aortic aneurysms
A bulge in a section of the aorta camera, the body's main artery. The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Because the section with the aneurysm is overstretched and weak, it can burst. If the aorta bursts, it can cause
types of shock
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, septic, and anapylactic
Types of hypertension
The two major types are:
Primary or essential hypertension, that has no known cause, is diagnosed in the majority of people.
Secondary hypertension is often caused by reversible factors, and is sometimes curable.
The other types include:
Malignant Hyperte