1. ? BUN & ? Creatinine
Azotemia
2. > 60 year-old patient
+
@ kidney tubules
+
Hematuria, palpable mass & flank pain
Renal cell
carcinoma
3. 1 year-old patient
+
Tumor made of: Blastemal, stroma &
epithelial tissues
Wilms tumor
4. 2-3 weeks after Strep. Pyogenes
+
Hematuria & Cola-colored urine
+
Subepithelial humps
PSGN
5. Ab against TSH receptor
Graves disease
6. Adrenal cortical hyperplasia
21-hydroxylase
deficiency
7. Affects efferent arteriole
+
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
+
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
Diabetic
glomerulonephritis
8. AFTER mucosal infection
+
Gross hematuria w/ RBC casts
+
Most common nephropathy worldwide
IgA nephropathy
*Berger disease
9. arises in Squamous metaplasia
+
Schistomosa hemotobium & chronic
cystitis
+
Involves Bladder
Squamous cell
carcinoma of UT
10. Associated w/ WT1
+
Wilms tumor & pseudohermaphroditism
Denys-Drash
syndrome
11. Associated w/ WT2
+
Neonatal hypoglycemia & muscular
hemihypertrophy, (wilms tumor, macroglossia, organomegaly, hemihypertrophy)
Beckwith-
Wiedeman
syndrome
12. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal
glands
Addison's disease
13. Autoimmune granulomatous
destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts
Primary biliary
cirrhosis
14. Azotemia & Oliguria
+
? blood flow --> ? GFR
+
? BUN:Cr ratio
Pre-renal
azotemia
15. Azotemia & Oliguria
+
? outflow --> ? GFR
+
? BUN:Cr ratio in acute
+
? BUN:Cr ratio in long stage
Post-renal azotemia
16. Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage
Waterhouse-
Friderichsen syndrome
17. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Ectopic ACTH secretion
18. prolonged exposure to cortisol
Cushing's disease
19. #1 bladder cancer
@ Bladder
+
Urothelial lining
+
Painless Hematuria & ? smoking
+
Multifocal tumor & recur
Urothelial carcinoma
20. Breakdown of self-tolerance to
thyroid autoantigens >>> hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis
21. Caucasian adults
+
HBV, HCV, SLE & NSAIDs
+
Thick glomerular basement
membrane
+
Subendothelial deposits w/ "spike
dome" appearance
Membrane nephropathy
22. #1 CHILDREN nephrotic syndrome
+
Effacement of foot processes on
Electron Microscopy
+
Selective proteinuria
Minimal change disease
23. CHILDREN
+
Malignant tumor made of
blastema
+
Unilateral flank mass & hematuria
Wilms tumor
24. Clear cell cytoplasm associated
w/ kidney cancer? smoker man
flank pain, hematouria, palpable mass
Renal cell carcinoma
25. Crescent Bowman's space
+
Renal failure in weeks to months
Rapidly progressing
glomerulonephritis RPGN
26. Deletion on WT1 gene on
chromosome 11
Wilms tumor
27. Drug-induced hypersensitivity of
the interstitium
+
Due to NSAIDs & Penicillin
+
Oliguria, Fever, Rash
Acute interstitial
nephritis
28. due to Vesiculoureteral reflex
+
Interstitial fibrosis & atrophy of
tubules containing eosinophils
+
"Thyroidization of the kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
29. Dysuria & suprapubic pain
+
? 100K colony forming units on
culture
+
Cloudy urine & (+) leukocyte
esterase
Cystitis (UTI)
*Urinary tract infection
30. Enlarged kidneys w/ small cysts
+
@ cortex & medulla
PKD polycystic kidney disease
31. Episodic headaches & ? Bp
+
? catecholamines &
metanephrines in urine
Pheochromocytoma (#1 adrenal medulla)
32. Flank pain, WBC casts &
leukocytosis
+
? risk of vesiculoureteral reflux
+
E. coli- spread to urinary track
Pyelonephritis
33. Glomerular crescents
RPGN (Rapidly
progressive
glomerulonephritis)
34. Glomerular disorders are
characterized by?
Proteinuria
35. Gross hematuria & flank pain
+
Chronic analgesic abuse & Sickle
cell trait
Renal Papillary necrosis (SAAD papa, SICKLE CELL, ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS, NSAIDS(analgesics), DM
36. Hallmark features of Nephritic
syndrome?
1) Inflammation &
Bleeding
2) Limited proteinuria
3) Oliguria & Azotemia
4) RBC casts & RBC in
urine
37. Hallmark of a Nephrotic
syndrome?
Proteinuria
38. Hematuria, palpable
mass & flank pain
+
VHL tumor suppressor
genes (chrom 3)
+
Yellow mass w/ clear
cytoplasm
Renal cell carcinoma
39. Hispanics & African-
American
+
HIV, Heroin use & Sickle
cell
+
Effacement of foot
process in EM
FSGN
40. HIV (+) patient
+
Proteinuria & Lipiduria &
Hematuria w/ RBC casts
+
Segmental sclerosis of
some glomeruli
FSGN
41. Hyperplasia of the
muscularis propia of the
pylorus
Pyloric stenosis
42. Hyperplastic
arteriolosclerosis
Malignant hypertension
43. Hypertension &
Hematuria
+
Berry aneurysm
+
Bilateral enlarged
kidney w/ cysts @ renal
medulla & cortex
PKD
44. Hyponatremia
+
Hyperkalemia
+
Hypoglycemia & shock
+
Neisseria meningitidis
Waterhouse-Friderichsen
syndrome
45. Immune complex
deposition
+
Thick glomerular
basement membrane
+
"Tram-track"
appearance
Membranoproliferative
Glomerulonephritis MPGN
46. Immune response in
Nephritic syndrome
Immune complex deposition -->
(+) complement system --> C5a
attracts neutrophils
47. Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion
+
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Diabetic
Glomerulonephropathy
48. Malignant proliferation of
glands
+
Involves Bladder
+
Arises from URachal remnant
Adenocarcinoma of UT
49. Mesangial immune complex
deposition
SLE
50. Most common type of lower
urinary tract cancer?
Urothelial carcinoma
51. Most important risk factors for
Urothelial carcinoma?
PEE SAC- Smoking, Aniline dyes, amides
1) Smoking
2) Exposure to aromatic
amines & aniline dyes
52. Mutation associated w/
Polycystic Kidney disease?
PKD1 gene
53. Nephrotic syndrome
+
CHILDREN
Minimal change disease
54. Nodular glomerulosclerosis
Diabetic
glomerulonephritis
55. Oliguria w/ brown granular
casts
+
? BUN & ? Creatinine levels
+
? BUN:Cr ratio & ? GFR
Acute tubular necrosis
56. Oval fat bodies in the urine is
found in?
Nephrotic syndrome
57. Patient w/ unilateral flank pain
to groin
+
Hematuria
Kidney stones or
Urolithiasis
58. PKD
+
ADULTS
Autosomal dominant
59. PKD
+
CHILDREN
Autosomal recessive
60. Podocyte foot process
effacement
Minimal Change Disease
61. Prostatic hyperplasia can lead
to?
Cortical atrophy of the
kidney
62. Proteinuria
+
Hyperlipidemia
+
Hypoalbuminemia & edema
Nephrotic syndrome
63. Psammoma bodies
#1 thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
64. Renal complications of Diabetes?
Papillary
necrosis
65. Right upper quadrant pain radiating to the
scapulae
+
Tenderness to palpation @ right upper
quadrant w/ NO REBOUND
Acute
cholecystitis
66. Segmental sclerosis of some glomeruli
FSGN
67. Severe disturbances in blood flow
+
Necrotic epithelial cells within the lumina
of some tubules
Acute tubular
necrosis
68. Stone due to precipitation of urinary
solute
+
? urine volume as risk factor
+
Colicky pains w/ Hematuria & unilateral
flank tenderness
Nephrolithiasis
69. Subendothelial deposits w/ "spike dome"
appearance
Membrane nephropathy
70. Subepithelial humps
PSGN
71. Supersaturation & stasis
+
Mucus hypersecretion in the gallbladder
Acute
cholecystitis
72. Tubular dilation & atrophy
+
Cortical scarring w/ blunted calyces
+
Hyaline casts
Chronic
pyelonephritis
73. Type IV collagen defect
+
Thinning & splitting of glomerular
basement membrane
+
Hematuria, hearing loss & ocular
disturbances
Alport
syndrome
74. Uniform cells w/ clear cytoplasm resulting
from glycogen
Renal cell
carcinoma
*Clear cell
carcinoma
75. Uremia, Na & H2O retention, Hyperkalemia
w/ metabolic acidosis
+
Diabetic, Glomerular Disease &
Hypertension
+
Dialysis or Renal transplant
Chronic renal
failure
76. What are the possible consequences of proteinuria?
1) Hypoalbuminemia
2) Hypogammaglobulinemia
3) Hypecoagulable state
4) Hyperlipidemia & Hypercholesterolemia
77. What event can accelerate the atherosclerotic process?
Trapping lipoproteins within vessel wall
78. What is the effect of DM on kidney?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis @ efferent arteriole --> GFR
79. What is the major risk factor of Renal cell carcinoma?
Smoking
80. What is the most common nephropathy worldwide?
IgA nephropathy
81. What is the most frequent antecedent of acute tubular necrosis?
Ischemia
82. What pathology commonly presents w/ Wilms tumor?
WARG syndrome
- Wilms tumor
- Aniridia
- Retardation
- Genital abnormalities
83. Where does the Renal cell carcinoma originate?
Renal tubules or Ductal epithelial cells
84. Why does Wilms tumor patients present w/ hypertension?
due to ? Renin secretion