Increased cardiac conduction
A 13-year-old female took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect?
Decreased cardiac conduction
A 28-year-old female with seizure disorder has a vagus nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity. Which of the following would the nurse also expect to occur?
An increased force of contraction
Within a normal physiologic range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:
The rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane
Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:
Onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity
The nurse is reviewing a normal electrocardiogram. The nurse assesses the PR interval because it represents:
The left ventricle
A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with left bundle branch block. Which of the following structures would not receive an electrical impulse?
Left ventricle
The chamber of the heart that generates the highest pressure is the:
Ventricular activity
A 65-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain. An electrocardiogram reveals a prolonged QRS interval. What is the nurse monitoring when the nurse observes the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram? The QRS complex reflects:
Increased heart rate
A 50-year-old female presents with a low heart rate and low blood pressure. She is given an intravenous (IV) infusion of fluids. The increase in atrial distension results in:
Bundle of His
While viewing the electrocardiogram, the nurse recalls the _____ conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum.
Volume, force
Which principle should the nurse remember when planning nursing care for a patient with heart problems? As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of
Pulmonary vascular resistance
While planning care for a heart patient, which principle should the nurse recall? Right ventricular afterload is affected by:
A membranous sac that encloses the heart
A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is. In providing an accurate description, the nurse states that the pericardium is:
Preload
A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole. Which term is the nurse describing?
Endothelium
A nurse recalls the internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?
Medulla
When a nursing student wants to know where the primary cardiovascular control center is located, what is the nurse's best response? In the:
Autoregulation
A nurse is discussing the different types of regulation. Which regulation is the nurse describing? Local myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and thus blood flow through a vessel is an example of:
Decrease the heart rate
A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:
Acetylcholine
A 50-year-old female was prescribed a drug that acts as a negative inotrope. Which of the following endogenous substances would be most similar?
Carotid sinus
Baroreceptors are located in the:
Absolute refractory
A RN is teaching about the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated. What is the RN describing?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
A 50-year-old female received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?
Pulmonary veins
Which statement indicates the nurse understands blood flow? Oxygenated blood flows through the:
Depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart
When a student nurse asks the nurse how the cardiac electrical impulse normally begins, what is the most correct response? The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:
Increased heart rate
After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:
T
The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:
Angiotensin II causes systemic vasoconstriction.
A nurse is evaluating the direct end effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Which principle should the nurse remember?
Chordae tendineae cordis
A cardiologist is discussing valves with the staff. Which information should the cardiologist include? _____ are the anchors of the atrioventricular valves.
Pulmonary vascular congestion
When a patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and dyspnea, which principle should the nurse remember? Pulmonary symptoms, common to left heart failure, are a result of:
Endothelial injury and inflammation
A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by:
Impaired
A nurse is planning care for a patient in shock. Which principle should the nurse remember? During shock states, ATP and glucose uptake is usually:
Cyanosis and hypoxia
A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child?
End-organ damage
A 55-year-old female has undiagnosed hypertension. She presents to her primary care provider reporting impaired vision and chronic edema. Lab tests reveal that she also has renal insufficiency. While planning care, the nurse realizes the most likely cause
Left atrium
A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with mitral stenosis. As a result, the nurse realizes the patient has incomplete emptying of the:
Acute pericarditis
A 28-year-old female presents to the ER reporting severe chest pain that worsens with respirations or lying down. She has a fever, tachycardia, and a friction rub. Based upon the assessment findings, the nurse determines the patient is experiencing:
Myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling
A 65-year-old male with a history of untreated hypertension is now experiencing left heart failure. A nurse recalls his untreated hypertension led to:
Thoracic aorta
A 65-year-old female presents to the emergency department reporting difficulty swallowing and shortness of breath. A CT scan would most likely reveal an aneurysm in the:
Aortic regurgitation
A 72-year-old female has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. An echocardiogram reveals backflow of blood into the left ventricle. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart?
Microorganisms are sequestered in a fibrin clot
A nurse is teaching staff about endocarditis. Which information should the nurse include? Inflammatory cells have difficulty limiting the colonization of microorganisms in infective endocarditis because the:
The myocardial oxygen supply has fallen below demand
A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion. He is diagnosed with angina pectoris. When he asks what causes the pain, how should the nurse respond? The pain occurs when:
Inadequate tissue perfusion
When a person is in shock, a nurse remembers impairment in cellular metabolism is cause by:
Left ventricular preload increases
Which characteristic changes should the nurse keep in mind while caring for a patient with left heart failure? As left heart failure progresses:
Right heart failure
A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures should the nurse assess for in this patient?
Brain natriuretic
Which of the following lab tests will the nurse check to help diagnose heart failure and provide insight into its severity?
Myocardial infarction (MI)
A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of cardiac troponins I and T. Based upon the lab findings, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred?
Hypovolemic
An 82-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion and severe hypotension. Her body's compensatory mechanisms are increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and movement of large volumes of interstitial fluid to the vascular compartment. What
Sympathetic nervous system compensation for decreased cardiac output
A 68-year-old female is experiencing left heart failure. Physical exam reveals elevated blood pressure. The nurse understands this is most likely caused by:
20 minutes
A patient has been researching cardiac cells on the internet. Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding? Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions for _____ minutes before irreversible cell injury occurs.
Occlusion
While planning care for a patient with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), which principle should the nurse remember? SVCS is a progressive _____ of the superior vena cava (SVC) that leads to venous distention of the upper extremities and head.
Venous thrombus
A 32-year-old female presents with lower leg pain, with swelling and redness. While obtaining the patient's history, which finding could have caused her condition?
Encephalopathy
A nurse monitors the patient for _____ when rapid onset of malignant hypertension results.
Tamponade
A 56-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for a checkup. Physical exam reveals edema, hepatomegaly, and muffled heart sounds. Which of the following is of greatest concern to the nurse?
The resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death.
A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to the hospital 30 minutes later. She survived, but now the nurse is providing care for impaired ventricular function because:
Bronchoconstriction, hives or edema, and hypotension
A 15-year-old male who is allergic to peanuts eats a peanut butter cup. He then goes into anaphylactic shock. Which assessment findings will the nurse assess for?
Genes
A 30-year-old Caucasian female was recently diagnosed with primary hypertension. She reports that she eats fairly well, usually having red meat and potatoes daily. She also reports that her father has hypertension as well. A nurse determines which of the
Decreased cardiac contractility
A 50-year-old male was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). He is being treated for shock. His cardiopulmonary symptoms include low blood pressure, tachycardia, and tachypnea. His skin is pale and cool.
Ischemia
A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The nurse assesses for myocardial:
Down syndrome
In 8-week-old infant presents to his pediatrician for a well-baby checkup. Physical exam reveals a murmur and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect. Which of the following genetic factors should the nurse assess for as it would most likel
Rheumatic fever or heart disease
Many valvular stenosis and regurgitation disorders in adults have a common etiology. Which of the following conditions should alert the nurse that the patient may have both types of valve dysfunction?
Low blood pressure, tachycardia, generalized edema
A 20-year-old female is being admitted to the hospital with fever and septic shock. Which set of assessment findings would the nurse expect the patient to exhibit?
Anemia
Which condition should cause the nurse to assess for high-output failure in a patient?
Right ventricle
A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result of the blockage, blood would first back up into the:
Cardiac output
A ICU nurse is multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume. What is being measured?
Left anterior descending
The nurse is planning care for a patient with heart problems. Which information should the nurse remember? The _____ artery travels down the interventricular septum and delivers blood to portions of the left and right ventricle.
Antigens that bind to the valvular lining, triggering an autoimmune response
A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nose bleeds. He is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. While planning care, which characteristic changes should the nurse remember?
Tricuspid regurgitation
A 35-year-old male presents with pulmonary hypertension. Testing reveals he is in right heart failure. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will see listed on the chart?