What is a Crisis
Response to an event or set of events that occur in a person's life
"Precipitating events"
"Hazardous events"
"Turning point"
Disruption of stability
Involves change
Elements that precede, accompany, or follow a crisis
Anxiety and stress produce a hazardous event (crisis)
Event occurs suddenly & unexpectedly
Single event or a number of events
Stress mounts as person unable to effectively cope or solve the problem
Crisis risk factors
Unemployment, underemployment or dissatisfaction with present occupation or position
Drug abuse (including alcohol)
Difficulty coping with minor problems
Low self-esteem, persistent feelings of insecurity
History of unresolved crises or emotional disorder
Primary goal of crisis intervention today
return the victim/survivor to the former, or pre-crisis level of functioning
Be familiar with the First Order and Second Order Crisis Intervention Model by Slaikeu
First Order Intervention:
Minute/Hours
Police
Community
Provide support; Reduce distress; refer to and/ or establish linkages to helping
Psychological first aid.
Second intervention:
Weeks/Months
Social Workers
Community.Clinical
Resolve crisis; integrate
Extent of domestic violence
50% of marriages, at least 1 episode of D.V.
Family as or more violent than any other single american institution or setting
Measure the costs of domestic violence
Victims/Survivors
Children
Perpetrator
Society
Effects of domestic violence on children
Those who love you the most are also those who hit you
There is a moral right to hit other members of the same family.
When all else fails, use violence
Litigation against the police for mishandling domestic violence incidents
Many cases many loss money.
Failure to respond and assist.
Refuse to arrest "perp" even when probably cause existed to do so.
Refusal to enforce orders of protection.
Myths of domestic violence
Only a few people are affected by D.V.
Battered women are masochistic
Love and Violence cannot exist together in a relationship
Characteristics and Dynamics of Perpetrators/Batterers
Violence
Lavishing affection and gifts
Isolation
Creating crisis and chaos
Jealousy
Why he Batterers
His childhood
His beliefs about women
His fears
Characteristics and Dynamics of Victims/Survivors
Low self-Esteem
Traditional Beliefs
Minimizing the Violence
Cycle of Violence" and examples
Tension or Build Up
Battering Incident
Calm, Honeymoon, Remorse
Crisis intervention process for domestic violence incidents/cases (4 steps)
Assessment,
Information Gathering,
Control-Direction,
Referral-Disposition.
Goal of crisis intervention in domestic violence cases
To insure the safety of the survivors and to contain/arrest the perpetrator.
Minneapolis Police Dept. Domestic Violence Research Study
1. Forced Separation Short term peace
2. Mediation get to underlying cause of dispute.
3. Arrest assailant to protect victim
Con: Arrest produced less recidivism than 1. & 2.
Police response to domestic violence today
Combination of the Service and arrest perspective.
Coordinating police action with other community agencies
What is the role of the intervener in child abuse/neglect cases
Investigatory
Protective
Primary victimization
Refers to the child who is the actual victim.
Physical abuse, sexual abuse, Psychological or emotional abuse.
Secondary victimization
Impacted by a crisis situation but is not the primary victim.
Witness events within the family and in the community negative impact.
Goals of intervention in child abuse and neglect cases
Safety and Welfare of the Child, Helping Troubled Families, Assessing Criminal Behavior
Common characteristics of victims
Difference by gender, Race/ethnicity, rural vs. urban, Family dynamics
Mandated reporters and reporting requirements and practices
Criminal Penalties for failure to report
Crisis intervention process in child abuse and neglect cases
Initial Contact
Interviewing Child Victims
Interviewing the Perpetrator
Interviewing Non-accused Parents
Investigation for Supporting Evidence
Outcome Options
Types of elder mistreatment
Abuse:
Physical, Acts of violence against elder, Sexual abuse.
Psychological, Humiliation, Threats, Intimidation
Types of elder mistreatment
Neglect:
Physical and mental health necessities withheld, food, medical & hygienic care
Types of elder mistreatment
Exploitation:
Financial abuse, Money or other properties are unlawfully misused or misappropriated
Methods of intervention
Receive initial report
Investigate
Case planning:
Medical concerns
Social concerns
Legal concerns
Monitoring and Evaluation