senescence
the natural physical decline brought about by aging
myelination
process in which nerve cells are insulated by a covering of fat cells
leading sources of death for people ages 25-34
aids, cancer, heart disease and suicide
age 35 milestone
illness and disease over take accidents as the leading cause of death
secondary aging
physical declines brought about by environmental factors or an individuals behavioral choices
homicide rate
higher in the united states, most frequent for black males and 2nd to hispanics.
hispanics
least likely to seek the help of a physician, believe in supernatural causes of illness.
stress
the physical and emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us
psychoneuroimmunology
study of the relationship among the brain, the immune system and psychological factors.
primary apprasial
the assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral.
secondary apprasial
the assessment of whether ones coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stress-or. a persons answer to a question.
psychosomatic disorders
medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional and physical difficulties
examples> ulcers, asthma, and high blood pressure.
coping
the effort to control, reduce or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
defensive coping
coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation
emotion-focused coping
conscious regulation of emotion
hardiness
a personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress related illness
resilient
ability to withstand, overcome and actually thrive following profound adversity
drop out rate for african americans is
60%
what is the percentage of the ones that finish college four years later
40%
first year adjustment reaction
a cluster of physiological symptoms, including loneliness, anxiety, withdrawal, and depression, relating to the college experience suffered by first college students
college students
25-35 ages
2/3 are ages 22 or older
14% are 40 plus years
social clock
the culturally determines psychological timepiece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropriate time in comparison to our peers.
intimacy versus isolation stage
according to Erickson the period from postadolescence into the early s that focuses on developing relationships with others
why do we seek friends
need for belongingess
passionate love (romantic)
a state of powerful absorption in someone
intense physical interest and arousal. and caring for others needs
companionate love
the strong affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved
is love the only thing that matters? seeking a spouse
marry someone they did not love-united states, japan brazil said no
pakistan and india said yes
china- men ranked good health and most important and women ranked emotional stability and maturity most critical.
marriage gradient
the tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger smaller and lower in status, and women to marry men who are slightly older, larger and higher in status.
homogamy
the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race education, religion and other basic demographic characteristics
marriage gardient makes finding a spouse worse for
African american women
lowest divorce rate
italy
90% of married couples have
one child
women married before having children
59%
fertility rate
1957-3.7 children per women
today -2.1 children per women
underdeveloped countries 6.3
replacement level
the number of children one generation must produce to be able to replenish its numbers
same sex couples
16-20 percent are parents
middle adulthood ages 40-65
importance in physical appearance
age 55 settling process women loose 2 inch in height and men 1 inch decline
increase in body weight- middle age spread
osteoporosis
a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, often brought by a lack of calcium in the diet
women at greater risk
by age 60
strength loss of 10%
female climacteric
age 45 lasts aboit 15-20 years-the period that marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so.
menopause
the cessation of menstruation
after 1 year with out a period menopause has occurred.
male climacteric
the period of physical and psychological change relating to the male reproductive system that occurs during late middle age.
late middle age typically late 50s
What are people afraid of in middle adults hood
cancer
Silent killer
hypertension
sensory memory
is an initial, momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant
short term memory
holds it for 15-25 seconds
long term memory
hold it for a permanent basis
generativity -versus stagnation
accoring to erickson the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their contributions to family and society
generativity
making a personal contribution to family, community work, and society as a whole or in stagnation
midlife crisis
a stage of uncertainty and indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite
divorce women
1/8 women in her first marriage will get divorced by the age of 40
remarrige
men feel lonely in crease in physical and mental health problems
boomerang children
young adults who return after leaving home for some period to live in the homes of their middle aged parents
1/3 of young adults ages 25-34 are living with their parents
family violence
21-34 percent of women will be slapped, kickedm beaten choked or threatened or attacked with a weapon
15 % of all marriages in the united states characterized by violence
1 in 3 women throughout the globe experience some form of violent victimization
8% w
cycle of violence hypothesis
the theory that abuse and neglect of children leads them to be predisposed to abusiveness as adults.