child and family service agencies
Care and provision of children who cannot be appropriately cared for by biological parents
orphan train
Flood of immigrants in New York City - mass urbanization.
Take children out to the country to live with good Christian farming families
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 1974
Ensures reporting of child maltreatment to authorities
Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
States required to develop supportive programs and procedures for Family Preservation and reunification following out-of-home care
1997 Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA)
provides incentives for families adopting children in the foster care system, set accelerated time line for terminating the rights of parents whose children are in foster care placements.
mandated reporters
Required to call state's child abuse hotline if they suspect a child is being abused or neglected. cannot be anonymous
neglect
Failure to provide for a child's basic needs
sexual abuse
activities by a parent or caretaker that include fondling a child's genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure and exploitation through production or exposure to pornographic materials.
emotional abuse
a pattern of behavior that impairs a child's emotional development of sense of self-worth.
physical abuse
Any injury is considered abuse regardless of whether the care taker intended to hurt the child
mongolian spots
flat birthmarks, deep brown/gray, look similar to bruises, indistinct edges, commonly on lower back and buttocks, size from very small to six inches+, can have more than one. misdiagnosed physical abuse.
coining
alt medicine used in SE Asia, rubbing heated oil on the skin and then vigorously rubbing a coin over the area in a linear fashion until a red mark is seen, the "bad wind" causing the illness can then be released, can cause burns, bruising, renal contusion
cupping
used mostly in Russian-, Asian-, and Mexican-American cultures, a cotton ball soaked with alcohol is ignited in a cup to create a vacuum. The cup is then immediately placed on the skin, drawing the skin up and causing the formation of an ecchymotic lesion
Indian Child Welfare Act (1978)
prevented the unjustified removal of Native American children from their homes; specifies that if removal is necessary, then the child must be placed in a home that reflects his or her culture and preserves tribal tradition.
Stanley Hall
Described adolescents as possessing a "lack of emotional steadiness, violent impulses, unreasonable conduct, lack of enthusiasm and sympathy.
developmental perspectives
intellectual, emotional, psychosocial, moral and spiritual
Jean Piaget
theory of cognitive development is the dominant theory of intellectual development today
Conduct disorder
consistent pattern of behaviors in which social mores and rules are habitually broken and the rights of other are consistently violated without regard for the other person's feelings
ODD
milder behavioral problems, including negative, hostile and defiant behavior (consistently refusing to obey rules, arguing, vindictiveness, blaming others, etc.)
Comorbidity
when two emotional disorders exist simultaneously
anorexia
intentional starving
causes of anorexia
maladaptive family patterns (conflict avoidance, rigidity, enmeshment)
treatment for anorexia
family counseling and inpatient treatment
bulimia
pattern of binge eating/purging, laxative use, excessive exercise, more prevalent in adolescent population than anorexia
mental health
a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
mental health courts
Criminalization of the mentally ill/incarceration of the mentally ill, developed in 2000, the goal is to create alternatives to incarceration and avoiding future court involvement
axis 1
Psychotic Disorders- Such as schizophrenia and Affective Disorders
axis 2
Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation
axis 3
physical disorders
axis 4 and 5
Rate severity of psychological stressors & highest level of adaptive functioning
Willard Hospital
Home to 55,000 people, Custodial care provided, Everyone was expected to work, Physical health care provided - infectious outbreaks concerning, Recreation for those who could leave the ward, not part of the budget, OT and rehabilitation - sheltered worksh
Willard patients occupations
service industry, teachers, governesses , nurses, students, nurses, farmers, laborers
addictive disease model
Stresses that addiction, like other diseases, has identifiable symptoms, predictable course, genetic predisposition
behavioral environmental model
Progression of substance abuse through 6 stages: abstinence, experimentation, social/recreational use, habituation, abuse, addiction.
academic model
Changes occur in people's bodies over time as they use drugs. These result in tolerance- physical and psychological dependence- Withdrawal.
abstinence
Person must give up all substance use as the first step of treatment program, Necessary point before other problems can be accurately assessed and addressed
harm reduction
First step is to focus on decreased usage, with abstinence as being a potential end goal
private programs
Prevention services, Managed care (Behavioral health care and substance abuse treatment), Shift from inpatient care to outpatient treatment programs
continuum of care
communities provide this so that individuals, groups and families can receive the treatment most appropriate for their needs
paraprofessionals
initially there were few trained professionals (1960-1980's) so much treatment was provided by individuals who had personal experience in recovery.
Minnesota model
understand addiction as a primary, progressive disease that would be the focus of treatment, with lifetime abstinence as the goal
detoxification programs
medical management of withdrawal
Partial Hospitalization Programs
Return to their home to sleep, Reduced costs
step down
transition from inpatient treatment/detox, Provide 24 hour supervision
Outpatient Treatment
Community-based treatment- includes lectures, groups, individual counseling
Programs vary greatly, but generally involve client in 10 hours/week of treatment activities.
Dual-diagnosis
awareness that many patient suffer from addiction as well as a psychological diagnosis. Co-occurrence is rate is often high
case management child welfare
child in placement, foster families, and biological parents, families in crisis, potential adoptive families, adult adoptees and birth parents
3 basic goals of child welfare system
Safety from abuse and neglect, Permanency in a stable, loving home , Well-being (physical and mental health, development, education etc.)