How do interest groups promote civic participation?
-engage citizens in political issues
-promote active engagement
-collective/individual
What are types of direct political participation?
voting, serve in office, volunteering to serve on campagin
Define the role of Political Action Committees or PACs
raise money
get members elected
incumbant advantage
90% re-election rate
types of interests groups
-business (most numerous)
-business round table
-social groups
-womens organization
-older people AARP
-farm organization
-american farm bearuo
-government
-american governs association
Who are over-represented?
white, wealth, upper-middle class, educated
Free Rider
Public interest groups
-someone who benefits from actions of others
How do lobbies access and influence legislators
Direct lobbying tactics
-providing information
-PR (face to face)
-host special events
How do lobbies access and influnece public
indirect lobbying
-grass roots mobilization
-effect your opinion so you can impact legislators
How do lobbies access and influnece courts
amcus cereaua
writen legal arguements to change law
Iron triangle
interaction between interest groups, government officials (agentcy), elected officials
Indirect vs. direct lobbying
public (the people) to the legislators vs. directly to legislators
political parties
intermediary that wants to get their candidates into office
who has access to political parties
EVERYONE!
who runs campaigns?
Professional organizations
negativism
today media favors negative campagining because profitable
-tv, economic interest, get an audience through more entertaining campagin ads
why do minor parties form
-single issues
-social change
-express idelogical view
-break away major parties (spliter)
types of minor parties
-libertarians
-populists
-green party
-progressive
goals/views/priorities of democratic parties
advocate social programs
-enviornment
-pro-choice
-gay rights
states should have limited role in government
federal government should expand
goals/views/priorities of republic parties
reducing socail programs
-pro-life
states should have expanding state contol
federal should have limited role in government
divided government
different parties controling different branches (grid-lock may occur)
realignment
shift in party alligences within the electoric
type of party system in U.S.
2 party system
proportional representation vs. winner take all
number of seats = % of votes vs. if certain party as majority vote then they get all the seats
How is the president chosen?
not directly by electors
there are 538 electors only need 270 to win
When do general elections occur?
November
15th amendment
black citizens got the right to vote
19th amendment
women get the right to vote
26th amendment
voting age dropped to 18 years old
Federal requirements for being elected?
-age
-citizenship
-residency
Why dont people vote?
Subject of social research
-satisfaction
-turned off
-social mobility
-barriers to registeration
-failures of parties
-rational calculation
rational calculation
you decide whether to vote or not
role of media in politics
-sets the agenda (way we get our news)
-providing political information
-socialization
-forum of discussion
politics of media
-economic interest-win an audience
-professional enviornment
-idelogical leanings= liberal
but its relativily balanced
Liberal Media
labled that way however content analysis views that it is not that way
sensationalism
attracts an audience
making money over good news reporting
digital divide
unequal access to technology to internet
Which media outlets are regulated by the federal government?
tv, radio, and prints
Which type of media was the first to provide an outlet for political opinion?
political socialization
process of accquiring individual political opinions
factors of socialization
-family
-school
-church
-generation- peers, friends, social groups
-media
Public opinion
aggerate of individual opinions on a matter of interest
early voting requirements
-owning property
-members of particular religion
-white man
2000 elections
Bush vs. Gore
won flordia and texas
won the elector vote
-gore won the popular vote
who controls the process of voting?
the states
precentages of voting
presidental election-50%
congressional-30%
decreases in vote the more local