lower-level governments possess primary authority
A confederation is a form of government best described as which of the following:
only with the consent of the established state
Under what circumstances could Congress destroy an established state by, for example, cutting it in half to create a new state:
solving a coordination problem among the states
The passage of the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act, which standardized state driver's licenses for interstate truckers, is an example of the federal government doing which of the following:
sudden bursts of national policymaking in which the federal government assumed jurisdiction over public policy once reserved to the states
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty are both examples of:
instances in which state issues have been strategically shifted to Washington, D.C., by their advocates
National campaigns for legislation banning automatic weapons, regulating hazardous waste disposal, and mandating special education are all examples of which of the following:
they have not seriously undermined the extensive authority nationalization has thrust on the federal government
Which of the following is true about the recent Supreme Court case United States v. Lopez and the Court's overturning of the Violence Against Women Act:
the national government monopolizes constitutional authority
In unitary government systems which of the following is true:
mutually exclusive spheres of sovereignty
Dual federalism leaves the states and the national government to preside over which of the following:
the extent of its authority over the states
The Constitution opened the door to nationalization by granting the federal government ultimate power to determine within certain bounds which of the following:
state and national
Federalism presents opportunities for two kinds of majorities to pursue their interests in competition with each other. These majorities are which of the following:
that all states adhere to a republican form of government
Article IV of the Constitution requires that the national government ensure which of the following:
the states may petition Congress to convene a constitutional convention for the purposes of proposing constitutional amendments, so long as two-thirds of the states are part of the petition
Which of the following is true about the states and amending the Constitution:
it offers the most explicit endorsement of federalism to be found in the Constitution
Which of the following is true about the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, which provides, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people
local governments are mere creatures of the state
In a famous decision by Judge John F. Dillon, "Dillon's Rule" made it clear that:
shared federalism
______ occurs when national and state governments jointly supply services to the citizenry.
efforts by the federal government to regulate the activities of state and local governments and their employees
Today's constitutional litigation over federalism typically concerns which of the following direct efforts:
. . . necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" the foregoing enumerated powers.
The so-called "elastic clause" of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution provides that Congress can "make all Laws which shall be . . .
to avoid impasses over jurisdiction rather than cede to the national government broad, preemptive authority over the states
The purpose of the supremacy clause in Article VI of the Constitution was to do which of the following:
the elastic clause in the Constitution
In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall upheld the right of the national government to create a bank based on which of the following:
it implicitly exempted the federal government from state taxes
In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), John Marshall determined the supremacy clause did which of the following:
with McCulloch v. Maryland, it created a powerful precedent that allowed future national policy to develop free of the constraints of state prerogatives
When the Supreme Court ruled in Gibbons v. Ogden that only Congress possessed the authority to regulate interstate commerce, it did which of the following:
the commerce clause
In order to justify the New Deal's unprecedented intervention in the economy, the Roosevelt administration invoked which of the following:
they broadened the scope and were accompanied by the election of large national majorities to Congress from the president's party
Which of the following is true about the ways that both the New Deal and the Great Society programs broadened the scope of federal responsibilities:
responding to some citizens' demands without being held responsible for imposing the costs on others
When members of Congress pass a law that obligates states to provide particular services, they are doing which of the following:
the direct and popular election of senators
The Seventeenth Amendment, which came about amid persistent and widespread charges of bribery, mandated which of the following:
the national government would prevail over states when both governments were acting in a constitutionally correct manner
The original intent of the supremacy clause was to ensure which of the following:
the national arena may be the only place in which it can hope to prevail
Which of the following is a compelling strategic reasons for a group to prefer national policy to state policy:
they may adopt different, even opposite, policies to address the same problem
As Madison points out in Federalist No. 10, since the states and the national government combine the citizenry's preferences into different groupings, the two levels of government do which of the following:
any federal law that asserts the national government's prerogative to control public policy in a particular field
Preemption legislation" is which of the following:
unfunded mandates
The use by the national government of cross-cutting requirements, crossover sanctions, direct orders, and partial preemption are all examples of which of the following:
strike down state laws that violated various explicit and implicit federal rights
The post-Civil War passage of the Fourteenth Amendment allowed later courts to use its due process clause to do which of the following:
from the state to federal authorities
When modern state governments have encountered the same dilemmas of collective action that prompted their eighteenth-century counterparts to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, they have solved the dilemmas by shifting respons
a comprehensive set of economic regulations and relief programs intended to fight the Great Depression
Roosevelt's New Deal was which of the following:
its size and scope
The New Deal was innovative primarily because of which of the following:
foreign governments and merchants could exploit competition among the states to negotiate profitable trade agreements
Under the Articles of Confederation each state was free to conduct its own international trade policy, which meant which of the following:
a unitary government and a confederation
In a federal system, the constitution divides authority between which of the following:
they point to the powerful combination of the supremacy clause and the elastic clause to support their argument
Which of the following best describes scholars who argue that the Tenth Amendment-which provides that the powers not taken by the national government belong to the states-is little more than a truism:
shared federalism
The most accurate conception of American federalism is referred to as which of the following:
the presence of national standards insulates environmental protection from cutthroat competition among the states
Although state officials may frequently complain about the policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, which of the following is true:
state legislatures picked the senators and each state had equal representation in the Senate regardless of population
In the nineteenth century the Senate had both the motive and the means to defend state prerogatives against national encroachment because of which of the following:
the constitutional provisions for federalism
The commerce clause, the elastic clause, the supremacy clause, and the Tenth Amendment are all examples of which of the following:
nationally organized environmental constituencies that do not
Conflicts arising over the environment frequently pit local resource users who bear the cost of environmental regulations against which of the following:
a two-tiered system comprised of the national government and the state governments
American federalism is which of the following:
it came about because of public pressure amid persistent, widespread, and well-founded charges that senators were buying seats by bribing state legislators
Which of the following is true about the 1913 ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, which mandated the popular elections of senators:
it gives an exact amount of money to spend on a specific purpose
When the federal government makes a block grant: