Chapter 3: Federalism

Congressional redistricting is generally done by

State Legislatures

A restraint is

a requirement laid down by act of Congress prohibiting a state or local government from exercising a certain power.

A basic principle upheld by the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland is that

the national government has powers in addition to those expressly stated in the U.S. Constitution.

Money awarded for broad, general purposes is called a ________ grant.

block

The text describes preemption as a(n) _______ power.

Modern

A politician who believes that the elastic clause of the U.S. Constitution should be narrowly interpreted probably supports the concept of

dual federalism

In the U.S. political context, a cooperative federalism structure seems most conducive to policies advocated by

liberals

The complexity of the U.S. federal system encourages

pluralism

For most of the period since the Great Depression, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the commerce clause generally served to

increase national power

New Federalism was associated with President

Richard Nixon

In the U.S. political context, a dual federalism structure seems most conducive to policies advocated by

conservatives

The effect of national emergencies and constitutional amendments on federalism has been to

increase the power of the national government

The McCulloch decision concerned the ability of the federal government to create

a bank

Which of the following powers is shared by state and national governments?

Taxation

Preemption is

the power of Congress to enact laws that assume responsibility for functions that were previously state or local responsibilities.

Under Ronald Reagan's "new" New Federalism, federal grants as a percentage of state and local expenditures

decreased substantially.

The result of preemption is

state discretionary powers are restricted.

The cooperative federalism model

supports pluralist democracy by allowing groups to pursue their interests at several levels of government.

Congressional redistricting is done once every _____ years.

10

In a federal system,

two or more governments exercise power and authority over the same people and territory.

Which of the following is not a part of dual federalism?

The national government has an unlimited set of constitutional purposes.

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

A special district is

a governmental unit created to perform particular functions.

How many governmental units exist in the United States?

Approximately 87,000

The theory that the federal government is a creature of the states is weakened by the fact that the

U.S. Constitution was approved by popular conventions in the states, not by state legislatures.

Cooperative federalism is based most directly upon the

elastic clause

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the U.S. Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

The commerce clause states that

Congress has the power to regulate commerce among the several states.

An implied power is

not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution, but necessary for another specific grant of power to be carried out.

Which of the following is viewed as an advantage of the many governments that characterize U.S. federalism?

Having many governments enables some level of government to respond to diverse conditions in different parts of the country.

A bill signed by President Clinton in October 2000 ordered states to adopt a national standard of 0.08 percent blood-alcohol level for drunken driving or

loose highway construction funds

Most recent preemption efforts have been partial preemptions dealing with

A. and C.

Authority over state militias

sometimes falls under the authority of the state and sometimes under the authority of the national government.

One major impact of the Great Depression on American federalism was to

change the way Americans thought about the national government's role in solving their problems.

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

The marble cake

During the administration of George W. Bush the power of the federal government

increased

Smaller political units such as cities and states are

All of these

The states' rights principle is most closely tied to

dual federalism

One significant difference in the transition to federalism experienced in the United States and Iraq is that

Iraq transitioned from a much more centralized regime.

What kind of grant-in-aid allows the recipient of the grant the most independence in determining how the money will be spent?

Block grant

The general term for money paid by the national government to a state is

grant-in-aid