What U.S. Supreme Court case was the first one to strike down an action of federal government under the commerce clause since the New Deal?
United States v. Lopez (1995)
What government function did the states retain from 1800 to 1933?
private property
Who has the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among multiple states, and with Indian tribes?
congress
In terms of federalism, which of the following statements would characterize the presidencies of George W. Bush and Barrack Obama?
Both presidents shifted power toward the federal government
In 1996, how did Congress change welfare for the states?
It changed welfare from a combined federal-state program into a block grant for the states
What type of federalism occurred from 1789 to 1937
dual federalism
What era signaled the rise of a more active national government?
New Deal era
What clause in the U.S. Constitution requires states to recognize actions and decisions taken in other states
legal and proper full-faith and credit clause
Why is the idea of states' rights significant to understanding the historical relationship between the state and national governments?
the states' rights perspective was at the center of the dispute between southern and northern states prior to the Civil War.
What is a major problem with federalism and unfunded mandates?
Costs were imposed on state and local governments for which they were not reimbursed from the national government.
Why are McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) relevant to understanding federalism?
Both cases established that national law was supreme over state law.
In the United States, which government is responsible for national defense and foreign affairs?
National
What amendment is designed to reserve power to the states?
10th
During the New Deal era, what did the U.S. Supreme Court do to expand the national government's authority?
The Court converted the commerce clause as a source of limitation to a source of power for the national government
Cooperative federalism is also known as
marble cake federalism
A state's authority to regulate health, safety and morals is commonly known as
police powers
What was the first nation to adopt federalism?
United States
What clause in the U.S. Constitution requires that states must treat visitors from other states the same as their own residents?
Privileges and immunities clause
True or false: The Constitution guarantees that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state
TRUE
Block grants are designed to:
give the states considerable say in how the money should be spend
Federal officials seeking to give state government more authority are most likely to support
block grants
What was the overall importance of the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland?
The Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers
True or false: Federal systems are most commonly found in countries that have a highly homogeneous population
FALSE
Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's trend in interpreting federalism since the mid-1990s?
The Court has limited the power of the national government over the state governments
Which of the following Supreme Court cases limited federal power?
United States v. Lopez and Printz v. United States
The principle of ______ gives the federal government the power to override any state or local law in one particular area of policy.
Preemption
True or false: Local governments are not mentioned anywhere in the U.S. Constitution
TRUE
If the federal government compels state governments to obey costly regulations but does not reimburse those costs, it is called an
unfunded mandate
A federal grant for states to afford increasing health care facilities would be an example of a
categorical grant
Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws?
The state governments
Which statement best describes American federalism since the 1930s
Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s, the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered and state governments remain important.
Which clauses of the Constitution involve the relationships among various states?
The full faith and credit clause and the privileges and immunities clause
The United States, Canada, and Switzerland can all be described as ______ systems of government, while France can be described as a ______ system of government.
federal; unitary
Using block grants to return power to the states was part of the Nixon and Reagan administrations
New federalism
The source of an implied power under the Constitution is the ______ clause.
Necessary and proper
Federal laws concerning crime mostly deal with:
the District of Columbia and other federal territories
What was a major reason that the slogan "states' rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s?
It had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support racial segregation.
Disapproval of unfunded mandates is most common among
those who want to reduce the power of the federal government
When both state and national governments possess a certain level of authority, it is called
concurrent power
True or false: Cooperative federalism ended during the Civil War
FALSE
Congressional grants paid for ______ percent of the development of an interstate highway after World War II
90
Which of the following is the best example of a unitary system of government?
the federal government sets education policies for all schools
Nations that adopt a federal arrangement tend to have
diverse ethnic or language group
Under the traditional system of American federalism:
most of the fundamental governing in the United States was done by state governments
How did the traditional system of dual federalism establish a "commercial republic"?
The function of the federal government was to promote and assist commerce
The form of federal assistance called ______ provides money to state governments with no strings attached.
General revenue sharing
Which of the following economic policies was the national government allowed to implement during the nineteenth century?
Establishing a series of national banks
Which of the following statements about federal grants in aid is FALSE?
Spending on federal grants-in-aid has decreased dramatically since 1970.
True or false: McCulloch v. Maryland gave Congress potentially expansive powers for regulating commercial activity.
TRUE
True or false: Since the New Deal, the Supreme Court has never restricted Congress's power under the commerce clause
FALSE
Which president was the first to promote New Federalism?
Richard Nixon
Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government? The Great Depression
...
Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden?
John Marshall
Why did some governors object to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)?
They believed that the federal government was using the ARRA to dictate state spending priorities
According to the text, when was the era of dual federalism?
from the ratification of the Constitution until the New DeaL
During most of the nineteenth century, Congress used its powers to ______ commerce
facilitate
Which is the best example of a concurrent power under the federal constitution
the power to regulate commercial activity
If the federal government forced the state of New York to implement tougher water pollution regulations than the state legislature has passed, it would be referred to as
preemption
The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the:
comity clause
The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution addresses:
reserved powers
True or false: The full faith and credit clause demands that the U.S. government run a balanced budget
FALSE
Which clause of the Constitution has been critical in allowing the growth of national power?
The commerce clause
Chartering a bank is a ______ power, because both federal and state governments have the authority to do it.
Concurrent
True or false: The Tenth Amendment gives the national government expressed powers over state governments
FALSE
The specific powers granted to the national government in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution are called the
expressed powers
Which of the following statements about the structure of American federalism is true?
It has contributed to the longevity of the U.S. government by allowing many divisive policy decisions throughout American history to be made by states.
The Supreme Court upheld a state university ban on Tupperware parties in college dormitories, upheld laws prohibiting the electronic media from carrying cigarette advertising, and upheld a Puerto Rico statute restricting the advertising of casino gambling
commercial speech
The exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment, the self- incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment, and the "right to counsel" provision of the Sixth Amendment are controversial because
their application sometimes frees defendants who seem to be guilty as charged.
The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate or restrict speech is called
strict scrutiny.
Which 1937 Supreme Court case established the principle of selective incorporation
Palko v. Connecticut
The Second Amendment right to bear arms was applied to the states via selective incorporation in
McDonald v. Chicago.
Ten years after the Brown decision, about _______ percent of African American school-age children in the Deep South were attending schools with whites.
1
Miranda rights were established by the Supreme Court as an extension of ____________ right
Fifth Amendment
Which of the following describes a written statement made in reckless disregard of the truth that is considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory?
libel
Which amendment in the Bill of Rights was most recently applied to the states via selective incorporation?
The Second Amendment: right to bear arms
As the textbook notes, four forms of speech fall outside the absolute guarantees of the First Amendment and therefore outside the realm of protected forms of speech. Which of the following is not a conditionally protected form of speech?
Political speech
The Bill of Rights initially applied to the ___________ government, while today the Bill of Rights applies to the __________________ governments
national and state
The ________________ was originally associated with citizen participation in militias.
Second Amendment
The right to privacy was established in which case?
Griswold v. Connecticut
____________ Limit what the government can do, while ____________ define how the government can act
Substantive liberties; procedural liberties
The rule that prohibits evidence obtained during an illegal search from being introduced in a trial is called the _________
exclusionary
What level of scrutiny does the Supreme Court use in cases related to sex and gender discrimination?
intermediate scrutiny
Which of the following statements best reflects the nature of the Bill of Rights?
The rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights have varied over time, according to decisions by the Supreme Court.
Which of the following civil liberties has been strengthened over time?
Right to an attorney (Sixth Amendment)
The Bill of Rights originally applied to only the ______
national government.
________" is defined as the Supreme Court's using the Fourteenth Amendment to apply civil liberties in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis
Selective incorporation
In cases of racial discrimination, the Supreme Court uses the ____________ test
strict scrutiny